Cervical metastasis of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma

Metastatic pattern in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolar ridge: clinical experience and review of the literature

“…Similar to recent reports about the role of histologic risk factors [26], in our study, perineural or lymphovascular invasion was significantly associated with initial positive nodes. The rate of 13.3% of histopathological confirmed lymph node metastases recorded in the present study is below the listed range of 17-54% specifically mentioned for maxillary OSCC in related cohort studies [11,19,22,23,[27][28][29][30]. In 9.4% of patients with one-sided END (3/32), recurrent metastases occurred in the non-dissected side of the neck, that are assigned to initial clinical occult metastases by some authors and occur in 10-30% of the time [22,27,28,31], such as histopathological detected occult metastases after END [8,19,20,22,30] (Table 5).…”

“…Similarly, carcinomas of the maxillary gingival-buccal complex are reported to have an aggressive metastatic behavior [37]. One congruent observation was made by Zhang et al who reported a significantly increased rate of 70% of initially confirmed cervical metastases of tumors expanding in the upper vestibular fold (p \ 0.01) [22]. Furthermore, in sagittal extent, the regional recurrence rate in tumors with sole or comprehensive involvement of the posterior maxilla was higher but showed no clear difference (17.6 vs. 7.1%, p = 0.349) as opposed to isolated involvement in the anterior region.…”

“…In a recently published study, the watch-andwait strategy of the authors is viewed as a therapeutic option with a rate of 22% delayed metastases, and 80% of them were operable at the time of discovery [21]. On the contrary, in the study conducted by Zhang et al 11% out of 91 patients with maxillary carcinoma and clinical N0-status after END developed a regional lymph node recurrence and after sole monitoring, 31% delayed metastases during FU (p = 0.033) [22]. The authors of a British cohort study evaluated the role of END in comparing maxillary carcinomas with the remaining oral cavity.…”

“…Simental et al assumed this connection in 2 patients, where after lymph node metastases occurred, a local recurrence was diagnosed within months. Likewise, an influence of [8,19,22,23,27,[29][30][31]. Despite lack of evidence, a presentation of second primary tumors in dysplastic epithelial fields must be considered [35].…”

Are There Clinical or Pathological Parameters of Maxillary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With an Influence on the Occurrence of Neck Node Metastasis? An Appraisal of 92 Patients

“…13,14 Thus, the biological understanding of this specific tumor entity remains limited and an international consensus for the management of the clinical N0 neck in patients with maxillary OSCC has not been achieved to date. 2,3,6,12,15,16 However, there is growing evidence that the risk of neck node metastasis in levels I to III 17 of maxillary OSCC is comparable to SCCs originating from other oral tissues. 2,5,6,15,18,19 Most studies in this field have indicated that advanced tumor stages might increase the risk for immediate or delayed neck node metastasis.…”