“…It is a preventable and treatable mental health disorder characterized by sadness, hopelessness, irritability, guilt, fatigue, changes in appetite, and contemplation of death or suicide for at least 2 weeks (The National Institute of Mental Health, 2018). Depression is a significant risk factor for disability and chronic pain in patients with LBP (Parreira et al, 2018;Pinheiro et al, 2015), neck pain (Nazari, Bobos, Billis, & MacDermid, 2018), knee pain (Phyomaung et al, 2014), traumatic injury (Alexiou, Roushias, Varitimidis, & Malizos, 2018;Archer et al, 2015), and postoperative patients (Wahlman et al, 2014;Wilson et al, 2017). Screening for and proactively treating depression can significantly influence an individual's outcome and quality of life (Breland, Mignogna, Kiefer, & Marsh, 2015; The National Institute of Mental Health, 2018; Thota et al, 2012).…”