Cervical cytological study in unhealthy and healthy looking cervix

Pradhan, Nirmala; Giri, K; Rana, Ashma

doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1454

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other studies by Kenneth et al, Khattak et al, Pradhan et al and Bal et al, found vaginal discharge as the commonest presentation. [17][18][19][20] In our present study, 74.98% of the smears showed nonspecific inflammation. Studies in populations carried out by Patel et al, Mulay et al and Bal et al have observed inflammation in smears in 19.6%, 57.48% and 74.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Cytomorphological evaluation of squamous cell abnormalities observed on cervical smears in government medical college, Jabalpur, India: a five year study

2016

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INTRODUCTIONCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases every year. Cancer cervix is the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Almost 70% of the global burden of cervical cancer is in areas with lower levels of development, and more than one fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Cervical cytology by papanicolaou (PAP) smear test is an effective tool for detecting abnormal cytology in early stages, thus allowing early detection and treatment. The PAP smear is extremely important for detecting premalignant and malignant conditions of cervix. The study was conducted to determine; (1) Cytomorphologic incidence of various lesions of uterine cervix; (2) Categorization of detected lesions according to Bethesda system; (3) Determination of epithelial abnormalities by cervical cytology. Methods: The settings and design of this study is a hospital based prospective study from a tertiary care centre in Central India. A total of 5813 conventional pap smear tests collected from January 2010 and December 2014 were analyzed. All patients attending outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology for complaints of abnormal cervical discharge, dyspareunia, inter-menstrual bleeding, post-coital bleeding and lower abdominal pain were included. Various cervical pap screening camps were also done during this period. Smears were fixed and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and papanicolaou stain were done. Results: The overall frequency of normal, inadequate, inflammatory, and abnormal smears was 11.86%, 5.73%, 74.98% and 13.2% respectively. Atypical squamous cell carcinoma of undermined significance (ASCUS) was seen in 3.61%, squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) was seen in 5.36%, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was seen in 2.59% while high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was seen in 2.77%. Invasive carcinoma was seen in 3.69%. The premalignant epithelial abnormalities like ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL were found to be highest in the age group of 31-50 years in our study, which correlated well with other similar studies. Conclusions: Hence we should advocate regular cervical cytology (PAP) smear study, which can help to treat cervix lesions early before the progress into cervical cancer. Early detection is the only key to saving a woman's life as the later the abnormalities are discovered; mortality, morbidity and treatment cost all increase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Cytomorphological evaluation of squamous cell abnormalities observed on cervical smears in government medical college, Jabalpur, India: a five year study

2016

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“…This was in accordance with Sherwani R K et al (2007) and Khattak AT et al l (2006) in which discharge per vaginum was most common finding in 42.5% and 41 % respectively. In the study by Pradhan et al (2007) per vaginal discharge was found to be commonest complaints in different lesion of cervix however bleeding PV is found to be more specific for cervical malignancy. Our study also correlates with the above fact and signifies that PAP smear should always be done in patient with vaginal discharge as it can be a warning symptom for intraepithelial lesions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomorphological spectrum of papanicolaou smears - a hospital based retrospective study

Sharma¹,

Dhariwal²,

Khairkar³

2017

Int j curr adv res

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Cervical cancer is second most common cancer of women in India. Screening of cervical cytology by simple papinocolou smear is an effective tool to detect premalignant lesions of cervix. Present study was retrospectively done to determine the cytomorphological spectrum of various cervical lesions and categorize them according to Bethesda system .All the patients presenting in gynaecological OPD and health camps with gynaecological complaints were included and subjected for PAP smear. Most common complaint and physical examination finding was abnormal vaginal discharge (46.3%) and erosion on cervix (46%) respectively. A total of 300 cervical smears were evaluated out of which 22 (7.3%) cases were unsatisfactory for evaluation, 49 (16.3%) were Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) and 196(65.3%) of NILM inflammatory category. Epithelial cell abnormality were seen in 33 (11%) with ASCUS in 15 (5%), LSIL in 12 (4%) and HSIL in 6(2%) cases. Maximum number of abnormal cases 15 (5.3%) were in age range 40-49. Cases of carcinoma were not encountered. The study enforces the significance of PAP smear screening in all the women at appropriate interval for reducing prevelance of cervical cancer in developing country like India. INTRODUCTIONCancer cervix is a disease of global burden and stands as third most common cancer in women worldwide (Sreedevi A et al 2015). In India it is second most common cancer with a peak incidence 55-59 years (Dhananjaya S et al 2014) Mortality varies eighteen fold between the different regions of the world, with rates ranging from less than 2 per 100,000 in Western Asia, Western Europe and Australia/New Zealand to more than 20 per 100,000 in Melanesia, Middle and Eastern Africa as per GLOBACON cancer fact sheet. According to world health organization approximately 80% of cervical cancer deaths occurred in developing countries. In India the mortality rate varies between 9.8-17.5 per 100,00. Without urgent intervention, deaths due to cervical cancer are projected to rise by almost 25% over the next 10 years. (Consul S et al 2012) The high mortality rates is attributable to the presentation of patient at later stages of disease. It is partly contributed because of subtle clinical features of disease.Most of the disease comes into attention only after the onset of symptoms and unfortunately in late stages. One of the major management challenges encountered is late presentation, as more than 56.0% of the cases present in stages III and IV. (Eze JN et al 2013). Data suggest that more than half of cervical cancer cases could be prevented through adequate screening. Fifty percent of women diagnosed with cervical cancer have never undergone cervical cytology testing and another 10% have not received screening in the five years preceding their diagnosis. Furthermore, cervical cancer is very rare among screened women as less than 10 per 100,000 annual (Sokol RJ et al2003). This outlines the significance of regular and periodic screening of all sexually active women. The cancer in spite o...

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“…In a study done by Pradhan 6 in 800 samples, the abnormal smears were seen mainly among age group of 21-40 years and carcinoma was also found mainly in this group. In a study done by Pradhan et al 7 in 200 samples, all of the women who had atypia, also had inflammation and were between 35 and 50 years of age, a risky age group for the development of CIN and cervical carcinoma. On analyzing 2288 Pap tests in a study done in a hospital in Nepal they had found precancerous and malignant lesions in 65 cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

Sharma

Baral

Dangal

2014

Nepal j. obstet. gynaecol.

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Aims: This study was done to find out age wise distribution pattern, cellular abnormality and adequacy of Pap smears. Methods:A retrospective study of 4800 Pap smears based on laboratory database was done from 2008 to 2011 at Helping Hands Community Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Graphical method was used for normality test and frequency analysis was done using SPSS 16.Results: Out of 4794 analysable data 4.21% had abnormal cytology, all high-grade lesions were in 51-65 age group and 0.06% were detected as carcinoma. Age group of 30-65 years covers four-fifth of the samples (3811, 79.4%) and 85.6% of abnormal cytology (173 out of 202) with maximum samples (3313, 69%) at 30-50 years and 55.44% of abnormal cytology. Only 5.4% of samples categorized as inadequate by Bethesda reporting system. Age wise distribution of samples produced near normal Gaussian curve. Conclusions:Pap samples were normally distributed by age. Test requisition forms lack adequate clinical information. Even the inadequately sampled Pap smears were satisfactory for evaluation.

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Cervical cytological study in unhealthy and healthy looking cervix

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Cytomorphological evaluation of squamous cell abnormalities observed on cervical smears in government medical college, Jabalpur, India: a five year study

Cytomorphological evaluation of squamous cell abnormalities observed on cervical smears in government medical college, Jabalpur, India: a five year study

Cytomorphological spectrum of papanicolaou smears - a hospital based retrospective study

Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

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