Cervical Cancer Trends in the United States: A 35-Year Population-Based Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze trends in invasive cervical cancer incidence by age, histology, and race over a 35-year period (1973-2007) in order to gain insight into changes in the presentation of cervical cancer. Methods: Data from the nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries that continuously collected information on invasive cervical cancer were analyzed for trends. Standardized to the 2000 U.S population, annual age-adjusted incidence rates were estimated by race and histologic subtype. Histologic subtype was classified into squamous, adenocarcinoma, and adenosquamous. Results: Overall incidence rates for invasive cervical cancer decreased by 54% over the 35 years, from 13.07/ 100,000 (1973)(1974)(1975)) to 6.01/100,000 (2006)(2007), and the incidence rates declined by 51% and 70.2%, respectively, among whites and blacks. The incidence rates for squamous carcinoma decreased by 61.1% from 10.2/ 100,000 (1973)(1974)(1975)) to 3.97/100,000 (2006)(2007). Incidence rates for adenosquamous cell carcinomas decreased by 16% from 0.27/100,000 (1973)(1974)(1975) to 0.23/100,000 (2006)(2007), and incidence rates for adenocarcinomas increased by 32.2% from 1.09/100,000 (1973)(1974)(1975)) to 1.44/100,000 (2006)(2007). This increase in adenocarcinomas was due to an increase in incidence in white women; a decrease in incidence was observed for black women. Conclusions: Although marked reductions in the overall and race-specific incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer have been achieved, they mask important variation by histologic subtype. These findings suggest that alternatives to Pap smear-based screening, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and HPV vaccination, need to be prioritized if adenocarcinomas of the cervix are to be controlled.

Trends of Cervical Cancer in Ethiopia

“…This is another factor that negatively impacts on the outcome of management [20]. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Sudan, with more than two-thirds of all women with invasive cervical cancer being diagnosed at an advanced stage (stages III and IV) (19) Study done in USA also reports; approximately 56.45% of all invasive cervical cancers were diagnosed at the localized stage & regional stage cancer accounted for 34.36%, and the remaining 9.29% of total invasive cervical cancer cases were diagnosed at the distant stage [21]. This is good evidence to see prognosis factors & treatment outcome difference between developing and developed countries.…”

Human Papillomavirus Laboratory Testing: the Changing Paradigm

“…Although it is not common, HPV45 is the third most common HPV type in invasive cervical cancer in some series and is associated with 12% of adenocarcinomas (200). Further rationale for including HPV45 comes from data suggesting that while the incidence of cervical cancer has been decreasing over the last several decades, the prevalence of adenocarcinoma has risen approximately 32% (201). The analytical sensitivity of the APTIMA HPV16 18/45 genotype assay reported by the manufacturer is 57.3 copies per reaction for HPV16, 84.8 copies per reaction for HPV18, and 60.0 copies per reaction for HPV45.…”

Histology as Prognostic Factor in Early-Stage Cervical Carcinoma. Experience in a Third-Level Institution

“…In Mexico, CC is the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer, with annual incidence and mortality of 13,960 and 4769 cases, respectively 1 . In 70% of cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common histological type, followed by adenocarcinoma (AC) in 15-20% 2,3 .…”