Cervical Cancer, Papillomavirus, and miRNA Dysfunction

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in women from developing countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 is a major risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, only a few women with morphologic expression of HPV infection progress into invasive disease suggesting the involvement of other factors in cervical carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression including genes involved in fundamental biological processes and human cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely reported in cervical cancer. This work focuses on reviewing the miRNAs affected during the HPV infection process, as well relevant miRNAs that contribute to the development and maintenance of malignant cervical tumor cells. Finally, we recapitulate on miRNAs that may be used to distinguish between healthy individuals from patients with precancerous lesions or cervical tumors.

Integration of scRNA-Seq and TCGA RNA-Seq to Analyze the Heterogeneity of HPV+ and HPV- Cervical Cancer Immune Cells and Establish Molecular Risk Models

“…In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 604,127 new cases of cervical cancer (CESC) and 341,831 CESC-related casualties ( 1 ). Seventy percent of patients of the CESC and CESC-related deaths were Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 positive ( 2 ).…”

“…Seventy percent of patients of the CESC and CESC-related deaths were Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 positive ( 2 ). The HPV, a non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, is a well-studied transmitter of sexual infections worldwide ( 1 ). Many HPV infections have no symptoms, and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years ( 2 ).…”

miRNA in Molecular Diagnostics

“…In cervical carcinoma, miRNAs promote tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and influence apoptosis and chemoresistance. Examples are miR21, which influences Akt/mTOR pathway, proliferation, growth, and EMT [ 140 ]; miR375, which targets E-cadherin; and miR138, which targets EZH2, influencing chromatin remodeling [ 141 , 218 ]. It was observed that viral proteins E6 and E7 increase the expression of miR18a [ 137 ], influencing Hippo signaling, in human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cervical carcinoma.…”

“…Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are classified into two groups: low risk (LR-HPVs) and high risk (HR-HPVs) depending on their association with precursor lesions and their malignant potential, and among HR-HPVs, the most important types are HR-HPV HPV16 and HPV18 [ 218 ].…”

Dissection of Capsid Protein HPV 52 to Rationalize Vaccine Designs Using Computational Approaches Immunoinformatics and Molecular Docking

“…Human papillomaviruses (HPV) play a key role in causing 85% of cervical death in developing countries. They are responsible for 604,127 new cases with 341,831 deaths worldwide in 2020 (Sherris et al, 2001;Bañuelos-Villegas et al, 2021). Among them, HPV 52 is the top three oncogenic HPV, which is considered one of the threatening types that spread throughout the Indonesian female population (http://www.hpvcentre.net/).…”