Cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma incidence trends among white women and black women in the United States for 1976–2000

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAlthough cervical carcinoma incidence and mortality rates have declined in the U.S. greatly since the introduction of the Papanicolaou smear, this decline has not been uniform for all histologic subtypes. Therefore, the authors assessed the differential incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix by race and disease stage for the past 25 years.METHODSData from nine population‐based cancer registries participating in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were used to compute incidence rates for cervical carcinoma diagnosed during 1976–2000 by histologic subtype (SCC and AC), race (black and white), age, and disease stage (in situ, localized, regional, or distant).RESULTSIn black women and white women, the overall incidence of invasive SCC declined over time, and the majority of tumors that are detected currently are in situ and localized carcinomas in young women. The incidence of in situ SCC increased sharply in the early 1990s. AC in situ (AIS) incidence rates increased, especially among young women. In black women, invasive AC incidence rose linearly with age.CONCLUSIONSChanges in screening, endocervical sampling, nomenclature, and improvements in treatment likely explain the increased in situ cervical SCC incidence in white women and black women. Increasing AIS incidence over the past 20 years in white women has not yet translated into a decrease in invasive AC incidence. Etiologic factors may explain the rising invasive cervical AC incidence in young white women; rising cervical AC incidence with age in black women may reflect either lack of effective screening or a differential disease etiology. Cancer 2004;100:1035–44. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

Significant decrease of adenocarcinoma in situ not reflected in cervical adenocarcinoma incidence in the Netherlands 1989–2003

“…Moreover, the decrease in the incidence of ACIS is mainly caused by ACIS lesions with a concurrent squamous dysplasia. The only two previous studies of AC and ACIS trends, both in the United States, found an increase in the incidence of ACIS without a significant change in AC incidence over a 20-year period (Plaxe and Saltzstein, 1999;Wang et al, 2004). This stable pattern in AC incidence accords with an earlier report from the Netherlands (Bulk et al, 2005).…”

“…We used the same database but extended the analysis to an additional 5 years, making short-term fluctuations in AC incidence less important. This unchanged AC incidence contrasts with the incidence rates reported from other countries where it is rising (Zheng et al, 1996;Vizcaino et al, 1998;Bergstrom et al, 1999;Plaxe and Saltzstein, 1999;Smith et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2001;Sasieni and Adams, 2001;Visioli et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2004;Bray et al, 2005). However, a stable pattern has been reported more often (Vizcaino et al, 1998;Chan et al, 2003;Bulk et al, 2005), although a decreasing incidence has also been recorded (Vizcaino et al, 1998;Bray et al, 2005;Howlett et al, 2007).…”

“…Our study included data from 1989 to 2003, the second study to incorporate years after 2000 (Howlett et al, 2007). The significant decrease of ACIS incidence in this study contrasts with two other studies describing an increase, mainly in patients under age 40 years (Plaxe and Saltzstein, 1999;Wang et al, 2004). In the light of the increasing prevalence of HPV and sexually transmitted infections in young women due to younger ages of first intercourse (http://www.rivm.nl), the decrease in ACIS incidence is rather surprising and contrasts with the increasing incidence of other HPV-related lesions like vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (Jones et al, 1997;Iversen and Tretli, 1998;Joura et al, 2000).…”

“…The incidences of both have increased during the last three decades, especially in women under the age of 40 years (Zheng et al, 1996;Vizcaino et al, 1998;Bergstrom et al, 1999;Plaxe and Saltzstein, 1999;Smith et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2001;Sasieni and Adams, 2001;Visioli et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2004;Bray et al, 2005). This contrasts with the decrease in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) since the introduction of screening programmes (Bergstrom et al, 1999;Ronco et al, 2005;Kyndi et al, 2006).…”

Expression of growth-regulated oncogene-1, hepatocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA and soluble E-selectin and their association with high-risk human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

“…Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most common pathological type of cervical cancer followed by cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma (2). The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the occurrence of cervical cancer has been verified by numerous studies (3,4).…”