Cerium extraction by metallothermic reduction using cerium oxide powder injection

Flores, Alfredo; Muñiz, R.; Fuentes, Antonio F.; Torres, J.; Ortiz, J.; Orozco, P.

doi:10.1016/s1002-0721(10)60402-4

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In acidic solutions, the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) may occur by chemical oxidation with strong oxidants, such as peroxosulphates(VI), permanganates, lead oxide or silver oxide or by electrochemical oxidation or photochemical oxidation. Separation of insoluble cerium(IV) from rare earth elements can be carried out by selective dissolution of the trivalent rare earth hydroxides or through its selective precipitation from acid solution (Ura et al 2005;Zhang et al 2008;Luna et al 2011). Many studies have been conducted on Ce(IV) separation using various extractants such as Cyanex 923, TBP, primary amine N1923, Aliquat 336, synergistic extractant and ionic liquids.…”

Section: Separation Of Rare Earth(iii) By Means Of the Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Sorption and Separation of Lanthanides on the Ion Exchangers of Various Types

Kołodyńska¹,

Hubicki²

2012

Ion Exchange Technologies

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Section: Separation Of Rare Earth(iii) By Means Of the Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Sorption and Separation of Lanthanides on the Ion Exchangers of Various Types

Kołodyńska¹,

Hubicki²

2012

Ion Exchange Technologies

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“…We conducted 27 experiments, where the effects of temperature, percentage of magnesium in the alloy, and agitation speed in the molten bath were investigated. The operational parameters and their values were selected from preliminary works [8][9][10][11][12], where the kinetics of the aluminothermic reactions have been studied, not only for attaining reliable reaction efficiencies, but also to avoid metal losses during treatment. Initially, a factorial design was proposed to reduce the experimental errors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, an aluminothermic reduction is used for the preparation of aluminum master alloys, such as Al-Sr-Mg, Al-Ce-Mg, Al-Zn, Al-Mn, Al-Zr, Al-Mg-Fe-Cr, Al-Li, and so on. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Nowadays, aluminothermic reduction is the most common practice used in the production of both kinds of products, pure metals or alloys [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Study on the Preparation of AlNi Alloys by Aluminothermic Reduction of NiO Powders

Beltran¹,

Valdés²,

Torres³

et al. 2018

Metals

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In this work, the experimental results obtained during the preparation of Al-Ni and Al-Ni-Mg alloys using the aluminothermic reduction of NiO by submerged powder injection, assisted with mechanical agitation are presented and discussed. The analyzed variables were melt temperature, agitation speed, and initial magnesium concentration in the molten alloy. For some of the experiments performed, it was found that the Ni concentration increased from 0 to about 3 wt-% after 90 min of treatment at constant temperature and constant agitation speed. In order to determine the values of the kinetic parameters of interest, such as the activation energy and the rate constants, the values of the results obtained were fitted to the kinetic formulae available. Moreover, the kinetics of the reaction were found to be governed by the diffusion of Al and Mg to the NiO boundary layer, where MgAl2O4 or Al2O3 were formed as the main reaction products. Finally, from a thermodynamic study of the system, the main reactions that took place are explained.

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“…Further cost reduction in Ce is enabled by direct metallothermic reduction of cerium oxide. Luna [20] directly reduced the oxide on a laboratory scale in aluminum alloys containing between 0.5 and 4.0 wt.% Mg. This technique is now being developed on a commercial scale.…”

Section: Economics Of Al-ce Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites and Alloys Based on the Al-Ce System

Weiss¹

2020

Aluminium Alloys and Composites

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Aluminum alloys containing small amounts of cerium have been investigated to improve the grain refining, casting characteristics, and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. These additions were usually made at levels of 1% or less but did not produce appreciable improvements. Recent work has shown that additions between 4% and the approximate eutectic composition of 10% improve the high-temperature performance of aluminum alloys. Corrosion performance of aluminum alloys can also be improved through the addition of Ce. Traditional aluminum alloying elements such as magnesium and silicon can be used to control casting characteristics and thermal and physical properties. Cerium oxide is the predominate oxide in rare earth mining. Much of it is discarded after separation from the heavy rare earth oxides containing Nd and Dy. The beneficial use of Ce should reduce the cost of the more desirable rare earths. Results of using Ce as an addition to aluminum in multiple manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing, extrusion, and casting are explored. The results show significant strengthening and improved mechanical property retention at higher temperatures than in other aluminum alloys and, in some compositions, show complete recovery of mechanical properties at room temperature when exposed to elevated temperatures as high as 500°C for 1000 hours.

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Cerium extraction by metallothermic reduction using cerium oxide powder injection

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation of Sorption and Separation of Lanthanides on the Ion Exchangers of Various Types

Investigation of Sorption and Separation of Lanthanides on the Ion Exchangers of Various Types

A Kinetic Study on the Preparation of AlNi Alloys by Aluminothermic Reduction of NiO Powders

Composites and Alloys Based on the Al-Ce System

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