Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and other somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya in brains of tadpoles of Xenopus laevis

Blähser, S; Vigh-Teichmann, I.; Ueck, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00213765

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A second type of CSF-contacting dendritic terminal was also demonstrated ultrastructurally (VIGH-TEICHMANN et al, 1976a). Presumably, some of these cells correspond to somatostatinimmunoreactive nerve cells observed in Carassius auratus (KAH et al, 1982), Anguilla anguilla, Salmo gairdneri, Phoxinus phoxinus (VIGH-TEICHMANN, et al, 1983c), Rana temporaria, R. catesbeiana, Triturus cristatus and Xenopus laevis (VANDESANDE and DIERICKX 1980;FASOLO and GAUDINO, 1981;BLAHSER et al, 1982;YUI,1983). Previously, LHRH-positive CSF-contacting neurons were also observed in the preoptic nucleus of cyclostomes and Gasterosteus aculeatus (GRIM et al, 1979a, b;BORG et al, 1982).…”

Section: Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In birds, only one type of CSF-contacting nerve cells could be demonstrated (granular vesicles, 130-140 nm in diameter; VIGH-TEICHMANN et al, 1971b). Further studies are required to clarify whether the CSF-contacting neurons correspond to gastrin-, somatostatin-or VIPimmunoreactive elements previously observed in Xenopus laevis and Coturnix coturnix (DOERR-SCHOTT et al, 1979;BLAHSER et al, 1982;YAMADA et al, 1982).…”

Section: Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons.

Vigh-Teichmann

Vígh

1983

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

128

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Section: Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons.

Vigh-Teichmann

Vígh

1983

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

128

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“…CSF-CNs receive, transform, and transmit non-synaptic signals from the CSF to neurons and glia in the parenchyma of the brain [104,[111][112][113][114][115]. CSF-CNs are universally present in vertebrates, and constitute a phylogenetically ancient structure that enables communication between distant elements of the nervous system via non-synaptic signals carried in the CSF [104,105,[108][109][110][111][112][113][115][116][117][118]. A marvelous evolutionary hypothesis traces back CSF-CNs from mammals to reptiles; and then to the fluid-contacting neurons of marine organisms, from the CSF-CNs of cyclostomes, and further back to neurons in larval lancelets that contact a central canal enveloping seawater [104].…”

Section: Rapid Signal Transduction Into Neuronal Network Via Cerebromentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Physiology Underlying the Rapid Clinical Effects of Perispinal Etanercept in Alzheimers Disease

Tobinick¹

2012

CAR

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Excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Clinical improvement following perispinal administration of etanercept in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia and brain dysfunction is characteristically evident within minutes. The rapidity and constellation of the clinical effects across multiple domains (cognition, mood, memory, motor function, and attention) suggest they are mediated by non-synaptic signaling mechanisms previously unrecognized for etanercept. These mechanisms likely extend beyond the known roles of TNF as a gliotransmitter that modulates synaptic strength, synaptic scaling, and AMPA receptor trafficking. Preliminary basic science and clinical investigation suggests that perispinal administration of etanercept may lead to its rapid penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cerebral ventricles. Diffusion of large molecules into the periventricular brain parenchyma is known to occur, but this process may not be sufficient to explain the rapidity of the clinical effects. There exist populations of cells, including CSF-contacting neurons and modified ependymal cells called tanycytes, that have receptive surfaces in direct contact with the CSF. It is hypothesized that the rapid clinical effects of perispinal etanercept involve non-synaptic signal transduction across the ependymal barrier and into neuronal networks via these CSF-contacting cells. This hypothesis challenges the dogma that penetration of a therapeutic into the cerebral parenchyma through the endothelium of the cerebral vasculature (the so-called blood- brain barrier) is necessary to produce rapid clinical effects in AD. CSF-contacting cells may constitute a therapeutic target for a diverse group of brain, psychiatric and spinal disorders.

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“…It has been subsequently found that somatostatin is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), the pancreas, and the gastrointestinal tract, where it acts as a neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator and a hormone (for review, see Epelbaum et al, 1994;Viollet et al, 2000). The distribution of somatostatin in the CNS has been described in various vertebrate taxa, including mammals (for review, see Johannson et al, 1984), birds (Hoffman and Hayes, 1979;Takatsuki et al, 1981;Blä hser, 1984;Trabucchi et al, 2003), reptiles (Doerr-Schott and Dubois, 1977;Fasolo and Gaudino, 1982;Bear and Ebner, 1983;Weindl et al, 1984;Reiner and Oliver, 1987), amphibians (Rémy and Dubois, 1978;Vandesande and Dierickx, 1980;Inagaki et al, 1981;Blä hser et al, 1982;Yui, 1983;Olivereau et al, 1984c;Adli et al, 1988;Laquerrière et al, 1989;Vallarino et al, 1998;Petko and Orosz, 1996;Stuesse et al, 2001), and several groups of fishes, i.e., lungfish (Vallarino et al, 1997;Trabucchi et al, 1999), teleosts (Olivereau et al, 1984a,b;Verdonck and Ollevier, 1984;Lin et al, 1999), chondrosteans (Trabucchi et al, 2002), elasmobranch (Nozaki, 1985), and in cyclostomes (Nozaki and Gorbman, 1983;Wright, 1986;Cheung et al, 1991;Yañ ez et al, 1992). Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity h...…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Somatostatin in the brain of the cave salamander, Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): Immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization

Mathieu

Bruzzone

Chartrel

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cave salamander Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) was investigated by using two distinct antisera raised against somatostatin-14. Most somatostatin-positive cells were detected in the ependymal cell layer surrounding the ventricles. These cells possessed the typical morphological characteristics of tanycytes or radial glial cells. Double-labeling with an antiserum against somatostatin and a monoclonal antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein showed that somatostatin-immunoreactive cells lining the ventricles also exhibited GFAP-like immunoreactivity. Injection of the neurotracer biocytin into the lateral ventricle revealed that neurons lining the ventricles did not contain somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. In the telencephalon, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was confined to radial glial cells. In the diencephalon, in addition to somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the ependyma, positive cell bodies were also found in the periventricular preoptic nucleus, the infundibular nucleus, the epiphysis, and the subcommissural organ. In the metencephalon, positive cell bodies were found in the auricula cerebelli, whereas in the rhombencephalon numerous somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen lining the ventricular cavity. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the hypothalamus-median eminence complex. In the pituitary, a discrete group of somatostatin-positive cells was found in the pars distalis. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of brain extracts revealed that the immunoreactive material coeluted with somatostatin-14. The present results show that the somatostatin peptidergic system in the brain of the cave salamander has a more simple organization than those described in the brain of frog and other vertebrates. This feature is probably related to the expression of high pedomorphic characters in plethodontids. The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity suggests that, in the cave salamander, somatostatin may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator, a central regulator of fluid homeostasis, and a hypophysiotropic neurohormone.

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Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and other somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya in brains of tadpoles of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons.

The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons.

Deciphering the Physiology Underlying the Rapid Clinical Effects of Perispinal Etanercept in Alzheimers Disease

Somatostatin in the brain of the cave salamander, Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): Immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization

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