2006
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2006.tb00456.x
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Cerebrospinal fluid collection and its analysis in equine neurological disease

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Cited by 23 publications
(22 citation statements)
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References 18 publications
(49 reference statements)
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“…Blood contamination is likely due to the perforation of the dura mater or residual blood on the bevel of the needle that occurred when the needle passed through the cervical musculature. Changing syringes after the initial 5 ml to help clear any initial blood contamination may help minimize the red blood cell count . In addition, minimizing the number of needle redirections during the procedure minimized the blood contamination in the sample.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Blood contamination is likely due to the perforation of the dura mater or residual blood on the bevel of the needle that occurred when the needle passed through the cervical musculature. Changing syringes after the initial 5 ml to help clear any initial blood contamination may help minimize the red blood cell count . In addition, minimizing the number of needle redirections during the procedure minimized the blood contamination in the sample.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ultrasound guidance has been described to help guide needle placement in the lumbosacral cistern in standing and recumbent horses to minimize the risk of blood contamination . Also, since it is a large distance from the cranial vault, the sample may not be as accurate as a centesis closer to the foramen magnum for cranial disease , . During lumbosacral centesis, it is possible for a violent reaction to occur in some horses.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Blood contamination can limit the diagnostic usefulness of the sample, artifactually increasing the protein concentration and nucleated cell count in the sample, or giving false‐positive results when testing for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) using Western blot analysis . Although LS centesis is the technique of choice in horses with suspected spinal cord lesions or multifocal disease, if intracranial disease is suspected it may be preferable to collect CSF from a location closer to the foramen magnum . Finally, penetration of the dura mater with the needle has been associated with violent reactions in some horses .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Until recently, the only alternative technique was atlanto‐occipital (AO) thecal puncture, which typically requires general anesthesia. This technique is simpler than LS centesis but does present a greater risk of iatrogenic trauma, particularly in horses with increased intracranial pressure . Recovery from general anesthesia presents a greater risk for horses that are weak or uncoordinated due to neurologic disease .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CSF puncture is commonly achieved in the lumbosacral (LS) cistern in the standing horse, or at the atlanto-occipital (AO) space in horses under general anaesthesia (Johnson and Constantinescu 2000). Due to the closer position of the AO site to the foramen magnum, collection of CSF in this area is more relevant for cranial disease evaluation, compared to the LS site (Johnson and Constantinescu 2000, Schwarz and Piercy 2006). In addition, these samples are reported to be less contaminated by blood (Mayhew 1975).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%