Cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow patterns in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Abstract

The typical flow of blood and CSF in INPH was mainly characterized by increased CSF pulsatility in the aqueduct and reduced cervical CSF pulsatility. The direction of mean net aqueduct CSF flow was from the third to the fourth ventricle. Our findings may reflect the altered distribution of intracranial CSF volume in INPH, although the causality of these relationships is unclear.

Reversed aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid net flow in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

“…8,14,[19][20][21] Our finding was similar with four of them reporting a net flow in the direction of caudalcranial regarding iNPH patients. It showed that there was small volume of CSF flow from the forth ventricle to lateral and third ventricles at the end of a CSF flow cycle in iNPH patients.…”

“…It showed that there was small volume of CSF flow from the forth ventricle to lateral and third ventricles at the end of a CSF flow cycle in iNPH patients. 21 Note that the pixel size used in that study was 1.2×1.2 mm, which was the highest resolution among all the five studies. 8,14,[19][20][21] Our finding was similar with four of them reporting a net flow in the direction of caudalcranial regarding iNPH patients.…”

Assessing test–retest reliability of phase contrast MRI for measuring cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral blood flow dynamics

“…The CA ( Figure 5A) and SS ( Figure 5B) flow curves were integrated to yield stroke volume (mm 3 ), which represents the total displacement of CSF in the rostral and caudal direction over the cardiac cycle. 5,8,42,45,46 The maximum and minimum points on the flow curve were used to represent the flush and fill peak (mm 3 /s), respectively. 41,45,47,48 The delay between the beginning of the flow curve and the maximum and minimum points were represented as the time-to-flush and timeto-fill peak (%CC), respectively.…”

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus in Adults

“…PC measurements perpendicular to the aqueduct also allow quantitative evaluation of CSF pulsation through the aqueduct [18]. The diagnostic value of these examination methods is controversial in the literature [19,20]. An overview of the diagnostic criteria [12,21] of hydrocephalus is provided in ▶ Table 2.…”

“…Impaired CSF dynamics can be visualized and quantified with the help of phase contrast scans [38]. However, the relevance of these findings for diagnosis and the prediction of treatment response is controversial in the literature [19,20].…”