Cerebral ventriculitis associated with Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

Abstract

SUMMARY Six patients in the neurosurgical ward of Fukushima Medical College Hospital suffering from ventriculitis due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection had undergone craniotomy or cranial trepanation before the infection. The strains of A. xylosoxidans isolated from the patients were resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, gentamicin, and colistin. They were also resistant to chlorhexidine digluconate (Hibitane) in a concentration of 2%. When a study of the chlorhexidine used in the hospital was carried out four strains of A. xylosoxidans were isolatedfrom 20 containers of chlorhexidine solution in the surgical ward but not from those in the operating theatre.

In vitro susceptibility of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans to 24 antimicrobial agents

“…xylosoxidans. Confirming the results of previous reports (2,3,5,6,10,15,20,22,24), all the aminoglycosides (including amikacin) were found to lack activity against A. denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans.…”

“…xylosoxidans are scarce. The multiresistance pattern of susceptibility of this organism to several antibiotics has been emphasized in previous reports (2,3,5,6,10,15,20,22,24 (20). Reference strain ATCC 27061 was also included in the study.…”

“…However, well-documented infections have been reported on several occasions. These include neonatal meningitis (16), ventriculitis after neurosurgery (22), fatal bacteremia (6,9,14,20), pneumonia (2,5,20,23), urinary tract infections (10), peritonitis (15,20), aortic root graft infection (18), endocarditis (13), and otitis externa (19). Nosocomial outbreaks usually associated with an aqueous source (usually nonbacteriostatic saline or hemodialysis fluid) have also been described (14,20).…”

Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infection Presenting as a Pulmonary Nodule Mimicking Cancer

“…A. xylosoxidans is ubiquitous in aqueous environments and has been associated with well water (36), tap water (17,43), and swimming pools (33) as well as environmental bodies of water (41). It is also a prevalent nosocomial colonizer and has been isolated from multiple types of aqueous solutions found in the health care setting, such as nonbacteriostatic saline (24), dialysis solutions (33), contact lens solutions (15), intravenous CT contrast solutions (32), chlorhexidine gluconate solutions (35), and ultrasound gel (28). A. xylosoxidans also colonizes fomites such as mechanical ventilators (6), neonatal incubators (25,29), faucet aerators (17,43), intravenous catheters (1,17,20,24), epidural catheters (30), urinary catheters (29), intravascular pressure transducers (17), pacemaker leads (2,26,33,36), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines (21).…”

“…A. xylosoxidans has been isolated in cases of ear and eye infections (26,28,30), urinary tract infections (28,38), intra-abdominal infections (39), liver abscesses (4), soft tissue infections (5, 29), osteomyelitis (42), arthroplasty infections (37), meningitis (8,26,29,30), ventriculitis (35), endocarditis (1, 2, 41), and pneumonia (3, 10-13, 20, 32, 34, 39, 44). A. xylosoxidans has been isolated from multiple sources, including blood (3,9,11,16,18,28,33), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (8,26,29,30), stool, urine (28,38), sputum (40), skin, ear discharge (29,45), wounds (29), abscesses (4, 39), bone (42), joints (37), endocardium (1, 2, 41), ascites fluid (39), and corneal scrapings and vitreous humor fluid (14,22,27,31).…”