Cerebral vascular malformations and their imaging modalities

Zafar, Atif; Hadi, Hamid A.; Arshad, Mohammad; Cathel, Alessandra; Naeem, Muhammad; Parsons, Matthew S.; Farooqui, Mudassir; Bucklin, Abigail A.; Leone, Michael J.; Baig, Aqsa; Quadri, Syed A.

doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04415-4

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, this is an extremely rare manifestation [ 20 ]. It should be underscored that this malformation’s main location is where the superficial and deep supratentorial blood drains converge, usually adjacent to the cortical or ependymal surface; they occur in the cerebellum to a lesser extent [ 17 ]. The main differential diagnosis is infantile hemangioma, which, unlike VMs, tends to involute [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the CT method allows for the characterization of the nidus size, the size and number of afferent and efferent circulatory vessels, or determining whether there is a connection with a deep venous system [ 8 ]. MRI protocols with contrast medium and vascular techniques (angiography and venography) allow for the evaluation and characterization of the malformation, whereby the angiogram shows the pathognomonic sign referred to as “caput medusa” ( Figure 4 ) [ 8 , 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atlas of Nervous System Vascular Malformations: A Systematic Review

Rangel

Marín-Márquez²,

Hernández-Contreras³

et al. 2022

Life

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Vascular malformations are frequent in the head and neck region, affecting the nervous system. The wide range of therapeutic approaches demand the correct anatomical, morphological, and functional characterization of these lesions supported by imaging. Using a systematic search protocol in PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Redalyc, and SciELO, the authors extracted clinical studies, review articles, book chapters, and case reports that provided information about vascular cerebral malformations, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 385,614 articles were grouped; using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, three of the authors independently selected 51 articles about five vascular cerebral malformations: venous malformation, brain capillary telangiectasia, brain cavernous angiomas, arteriovenous malformation, and leptomeningeal angiomatosis as part of Sturge–Weber syndrome. We described the next topics—“definition”, “etiology”, “pathophysiology”, and “treatment”—with a focus on the relationship with the imaging approach. We concluded that the correct anatomical, morphological, and functional characterization of cerebral vascular malformations by means of various imaging studies is highly relevant in determining the therapeutic approach, and that new lines of therapeutic approaches continue to depend on the imaging evaluation of these lesions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlas of Nervous System Vascular Malformations: A Systematic Review

Rangel

Marín-Márquez²,

Hernández-Contreras³

et al. 2022

Life

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“…CIC-rearranged sarcoma is a high-grade mesenchymal tumor that usually occurs in the viscera, but may rarely occur within the CNS as well. All CIC-rearranged sarcomas have a fusion of CIC transcriptional repressor with various partners, most often DUX4, but also NUTM1 or NUTM2 have been observed [36,38,49]. While in most peripheral CIC-rearranged sarcomas the fusion partner is DUX4, in the brain the most common fusion partner is NUTM1 [50,51].…”

Section: Cic-rearranged Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemangiomas usually do not recur after complete resection. Cavernous malformations have an annual risk of hemorrhage of 1.6-4.6%, and previous hemorrhage and brainstem location are associated with increased risk of bleeding [38]. In AVM, the risk of hemorrhage is of 2%-5% per year, and, if hemorrhage happens, the risk of death is up to 25% [39].…”

Section: Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors of the central nervous system – Advances in diagnosis and prognostication

Meredith

Alexandrescu

2022

Brain Pathology

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The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System introduces new entities, and provides updated guidance regarding the diagnostic criteria for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS embryonal tumors and CNS non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors can be challenging for practicing pathologists, as the histologic features are not always specific to a particular entity, and integration of microscopic and molecular findings is necessary. This review on CNS embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors is meant to provide an update with a focus on WHO changes and additions and on recent discoveries with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.

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“…More complex cAVMs have higher S-M grades, indicating more difficult treatment and greater risk of post-operative complications. 1 A dynamic low-grade cAVM with extensive edema is prone to misdiagnosis, particularly in patients with malignant tumors. In this case, a progressive lesion with a large area of cerebral edema was incidentally discovered in a 30-year-old woman with pulmonary metastasis of rectal cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%