Cerebral palsy: initial experience with Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT of the brain.

Denays, Roger; Tondeur, Marianne; Toppet, V.; Ham, H.R.; Piepsz, Amnon; Spehl, M; Rubinstein, Michael A.; Noël, Philippe

doi:10.1148/radiology.175.1.2315468

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We also found perfusion defects after normal cranial US in infants with later CP. Furthermore, as earlier has been demonstrated, also the SPET may be normal as in 2 cases of this study in infants with mild CP [1,21]. There may be sometimes diffuse white matter lesions with no extensions to the cortical layers or to the basal ganglias.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography at Term Age for Predicting Cerebral Palsy after Preterm Birth

Valkama

Ahonen²,

Vainionpää

et al. 2001

Neonatology

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In order to assess the predictive value of neonatal brain perfusion with single photon emission computed tomography (SPET) with regard to neuromotor outcome at a corrected age of 18 months, 34 infants with birth weight <1,500 g and gestation age <34 weeks underwent brain technetium-99m ethylcysteinate dimer (⁹⁹Tc^m-ECD) SPET at term age. The perfusion defects were estimated by visual interpretation. Consecutive semiquantitative assessment was made in 26 cases and reference values for the tracer were collected from images of 17 preterm infants with normal outcome after the follow-up period. Relative regional cortical (frontal, sensorimotor, parietal and occipital), cerebellar and thalamic perfusion levels were evaluated in middle sagittal slices and hemispheric asymmetries in transaxial slices. Perfusion defects predicted cerebral palsy (CP) (n = 11) with 82% sensitivity, 70% specificity and 74% accuracy, the corresponding figures for ultrasound (US) being 73, 83 and 79%, respectively. The sensitivity of SPET in predicting moderate or severe CP (n = 7) was 100% and the specificity 67%, the corresponding figures for US being 71% and 74%, respectively. Brain SPET seems to identify the most severe forms of CP in preterm infants very well at term age, but cannot identify all mild ones. In addition to a low specificity, the radiation exposure restricts usefulness of the method for clinical purposes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography at Term Age for Predicting Cerebral Palsy after Preterm Birth

Valkama

Ahonen²,

Vainionpää

et al. 2001

Neonatology

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“…Early landmarks in SPECT research were made by studies that reported findings on patient groups without reference to a control group [Abdul-Dayem et al, 1987;Ryding et al, 1988;Shen et al, 1990;Denays et al, 1990;Holman et al, 1991;Tumeh et al, 1990;Berman et al, 1987]. Other seminal studies used controls without reference to gender or age [Costa et al, 1988;Holman et al, 1991], or they compared patient groups to one another.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPECT has been used in cases of epilepsy, head injuries, cerebral palsy, dementias, drug use, depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and eating disorders [Ryding et al, 1988;Shen et al 1990;AbdelDayem et al, 1987;Denays, 1990;Johnson et al, 1993;Costa et al, 1988;Gemmell et al 1987;Holman et al, 1991;Tumeh et al, 1990;Mathew et al, 1980;Ariel et al, 1983;Berman et al, 1987;Stephenson, 1990]. SPECT has been found to be more sensitive than TCT in diagnostic work with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy [Masdeu et al, 1991;LaFrance et al, 1988] and acute head lesions [Abdel-Dayem et al, 1987].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of single photon emission computed tomography findings in cases of healthy adults and solvent-exposed adults

et al. 1997

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“…Despite the wide range of neural regions examined across studies, and the likelihood of etiological heterogeneity in the SLI populations across these studies, there appears to be consistent evidence that SLI is strongly associated with abnormalities of at least two structures: frontal cortex and the basal ganglia. To our knowledge, every study that has explicitly examined frontal regions has reported frontal abnormalities (Clark and Plante, 1998a; Cohen et al, 1989;Denays et al, 1989;Gallagher and Watkin, 1997;Gauger et al, 1997;Jernigan et al, 1991; Kabani et al, 1997) (KE family: Liegeois et al, 2002;. This seems to hold especially for inferior frontal regions (Clark and Plante, 1998a; Cohen et al, 1989;Gauger et al, 1997;Jernigan et al, 1991;Lou et al, 1984) (KE family: Liegeois et al, 2002;, in particular for Broca's area (Gauger et al, 1997;Lou et al, 1984) (KE family: Liegeois et al, 2002;.…”

Section: Studies Of the Neural Correlates Of Sli Anatomical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It might also explain changes in the amount of gray matter or in the gray matter density in this region (Belton et al, 2002;Watkins et al, 2002). However, these and other types of abnormalities in these regions, such as hypoperfusion (Denays et al, 1989;Lou et al, 1984), or changes in the level of functional activity (Liegeois et al, 2003;, are quite difficult to interpret, and future research is clearly needed to examine this issue.…”

Section: Insert Table Around Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Language Impairment is not Specific to Language: the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis

Ullman

Pierpont

2005

Cortex

694

751

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Specific Language Impairment (SLI) has been explained by two broad classes of hypotheses, which posit either a deficit specific to grammar, or a non-linguistic processing impairment. Here we advance an alternative perspective. According to the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH), SLI can be largely explained by the abnormal development of brain structures that constitute the procedural memory system. This system, which is composed of a network of inter-connected structures rooted in frontal/basal-ganglia circuits, subserves the learning and execution of motor and cognitive skills.Crucially, recent evidence also implicates this system in important aspects of grammar. The PDH posits that a significant proportion of individuals with SLI suffer from abnormalities of this brain network, leading to impairments of the linguistic and non-linguistic functions that depend on it. In contrast, functions such as lexical and declarative memory, which depend on other brain structures, are expected to remain largely spared. Evidence from an in-depth retrospective examination of the literature is presented. It is argued that the data support the predictions of the PDH, and particularly implicate Broca's area within frontal cortex, and the caudate nucleus within the basal ganglia. Finally, broader implications are discussed, and predictions for future research are presented. It is argued that the PDH forms the basis of a novel and potentially productive perspective on SLI. INTRODUCTIONSpecific Language Impairment (SLI) is generally defined as a developmental disorder of language in the absence of frank neurological damage, hearing deficits, severe environmental deprivation, or mental retardation (for diagnostic definitions and prevalence of SLI, see Bishop, 1992;Leonard, 1998;Tomblin et al., 1997). Other terms have also been used to label such children, including developmental dysphasia, language impairment, language learning disability, developmental language disorder, delayed speech and deviant language (Leonard, 1998;Ahmed et al., 2001). Several factors have complicated attempts to provide a unified theory of SLI, or even of subgroups of SLI. First, despite the standard use of exclusionary criteria to diagnose SLI, the disorder is clearly not limited to language.Rather the linguistic impairments co-occur with a number of non-linguistic deficits, including impairments of motor skills and working memory, and with other disorders, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Hill, 2001;Leonard, 1998;Tirosh and Cohen, 1998). Second, even though SLI must be a consequence of some sort of neural dysfunction, the neural correlates of the disorder have been largely ignored. This potentially valuable information could provide important constraints on explanatory accounts of the disorder. Third, SLI is a classification that is quite heterogeneous (Leonard, 1998;Stromswold, 2000). Surveys document variation within and across subgroups in the particular aspects of language that are affected and in the types of co-occurring no...

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Cerebral palsy: initial experience with Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT of the brain.

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography at Term Age for Predicting Cerebral Palsy after Preterm Birth

Brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography at Term Age for Predicting Cerebral Palsy after Preterm Birth

Comparison of single photon emission computed tomography findings in cases of healthy adults and solvent-exposed adults

Specific Language Impairment is not Specific to Language: the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis

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