2019
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.2413
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Cerebral Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage

Abstract: pontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) is relatively common and has devastating consequences. Recognition of risk factors (eg, hypertension), early distinction from an ischemic event, and identification of clinical features that can worsen IPH complications is important in optimizing outcomes from IPH. This review examines the pathophysiology of and management options for IPH, with the intent of helping clinicians better manage the condition. IPH accounts for 6.5% to 19.6% of cases of stroke 1,2 but is a… Show more

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Cited by 239 publications
(194 citation statements)
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“…HE pathological experiments showed that breviscapine could inhibit the expressions of intercellular adhesion factors in inflammatory mediators and inflammation, reduce brain edema after cerebral hemorrhage, improve the ischemia and hypoxia of peripheral nerves of a cerebral hemorrhage, and promote the recovery of nerve function (Pengyue et al, 2017). The latest advances in molecular biology provide a new theoretical basis for us to understand the pathological mechanism of cerebral hemorrhage better (Gross et al, 2019). Molecular experiments showed that IL-6 and TNF-α levels are significantly increased after cerebral hemorrhage in rats (Jiang et al, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HE pathological experiments showed that breviscapine could inhibit the expressions of intercellular adhesion factors in inflammatory mediators and inflammation, reduce brain edema after cerebral hemorrhage, improve the ischemia and hypoxia of peripheral nerves of a cerebral hemorrhage, and promote the recovery of nerve function (Pengyue et al, 2017). The latest advances in molecular biology provide a new theoretical basis for us to understand the pathological mechanism of cerebral hemorrhage better (Gross et al, 2019). Molecular experiments showed that IL-6 and TNF-α levels are significantly increased after cerebral hemorrhage in rats (Jiang et al, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is well documented that the mechanical damage is always immediately elicited after ICH which commonly wrecks the brain tissue as it enlarges [2]. This, is frequently associated with the pressure created enough by blood and surrounding brain edema, resulting in a life-threatening situation [4]. The secondary damage is caused by cytotoxicity of blood [5,6], impaired calcium homeostasis [7], excitotoxicity from excitatory neurotransmitters/glial cells [8,9] and upregulation of oxidative stress and in ammation [6,[9][10][11][12][13][14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In intracranial hemorrhage, the bleeding is usually derived from arterioles or small arteries directly into the brain, forming hematomas that spreads along white matter pathway. The hematoma frequently continues to grow until the pressure surrounding it increases enough to limit its spread or until the hemorrhage decompresses itself by emptying into the ventricular system or into the cerebrospinal uid [2,4]. Additionally, intracranial hemorrhage, always sabotages the brain tissue as it enlarges, i.e., rst primary injury to the brain is the mechanical damage [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Кроме того, ВМК развивается вторично на фоне структурных аномалий артерий (аневризмы, артериовенозные мальформации -АВМ, каверномы и дуральные артериовенозные фистулы -АВФ), других сосудистых заболеваний головного мозга (тромбоз венозных синусов, синдром обратимой церебральной вазоконстрикции, микотические аневризмы при инфекционном эндокардите, геморрагическая трансформация инфаркта мозга, васкулит), гипокоагуляции, а также опухолей (метастаза) головного мозга (см. таблицу) [2,7]. В первую очередь ВМК должно быть классифицировано анатомически, например на долевое/недолевое и супратенториальное/инфратенториальное, что возможно с использованием шкалы CHARTS.…”
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