Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior11Published on the World Wide Web on 2 November 2000.

Swanson, Larry W.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02905-x

Cited by 754 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…The MeA, VMH, BNST and mPOA each contains a complex mixture of molecularly discrete populations of neurons intermingled with each other [10,[36][37]40,[105][106]. Therefore, the neural pathways underlying sex-typical social behaviours are embedded within an assortment of neural circuits involved in many unrelated behaviours.…”

Section: (B) Sex Differences In Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Bayless

Shah²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The unique hormonal, genetic and epigenetic environments of males and females during development and adulthood shape the neural circuitry of the brain. These differences in neural circuitry result in sex-typical displays of social behaviours such as mating and aggression. Like other neural circuits, those underlying sex-typical social behaviours weave through complex brain regions that control a variety of diverse behaviours. For this reason, the functional dissection of neural circuits underlying sex-typical social behaviours has proved to be difficult. However, molecularly discrete neuronal subpopulations can be identified in the heterogeneous brain regions that control sex-typical social behaviours. In addition, the actions of oestrogens and androgens produce sex differences in gene expression within these brain regions, thereby highlighting the neuronal subpopulations most likely to control sexually dimorphic social behaviours. These conditions permit the implementation of innovative genetic approaches that, in mammals, are most highly advanced in the laboratory mouse. Such approaches have greatly advanced our understanding of the functional significance of sexually dimorphic neural circuits in the brain. In this review, we discuss the neural circuitry of sex-typical social behaviours in mice while highlighting the genetic technical innovations that have advanced the field.

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Section: (B) Sex Differences In Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Bayless

Shah²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…In vertebrate systems (rodents), pathways for copulatory and defensive behavior have been mapped in circuits that begin with olfactory cues and project through the medial region of the amygdala to the hypothalamus (33,34). Different parts of the medial amygdala concerned with the two behaviors are identified by expression of different LIM homeodomain transcription factors.…”

Section: Specific Fru M -Expressing Neuronal Clusters Are Involved Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific subgroups of Fru ^M neurons control sexually dimorphic patterns of aggression in Drosophila melanogaster

Chan

Kravitz

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A great challenge facing neuroscience is to understand how genes, molecules, cells, circuits, and systems interact to generate social behavior. Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) offer a powerful model system to address questions of this magnitude. These animals display genetically specified, sexually dimorphic patterns of fighting behavior via sex-specific splicing of the fruitless gene. Here, we show that sexually dimorphic behavioral patterns displayed during aggression are controlled by specific subgroups of neurons expressing male forms of fruitless proteins (Fru M ). Using the GAL4/UAS system to manipulate transformer expression, we feminized or masculinized different populations of neurons in fly nervous systems. With a panneuronal elav-GAL4 driver, male patterns of fighting behavior were transferred into females and female patterns into males. We screened 60 Gal4 lines that express the yeast transcription factor in different patterns in fly central nervous systems and found five that showed abnormal same-sex courtship behavior. The sexually dimorphic fighting patterns, however, were completely switched only in one and partially switched in a second of these lines. In the other three lines, female patterns of aggression were seen despite a switch in courtship preference. A tight correspondence was seen between Fru M expression and how flies fight in several subgroups of neurons usually expressing these proteins: Expression is absent when flies fight like females and present when flies fight like males, thereby beginning a separation between courtship and aggression among these neurons.behavior ͉ fruitless ͉ transformer ͉ courtship

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“…Anatomically, the amygdala is subdivided into a number of distinct areas, of which two are particularly important in the regulation of motivational and emotional processes: the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) (21,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). In view of our findings in the BNST-OV, it was of interest, therefore, to determine whether these regions of the amygdala might also exhibit daily rhythms of expression of PER2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit opposite diurnal rhythms of expression of the clock protein Period2

Lamont

Robinson

Stewart

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

216

231

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There is considerable evidence that circadian rhythms in mammals can be modulated by emotional state, but how emotional state modulates specific circadian outputs is poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of the circadian clock protein Period2 (PER2) in three regions of the limbic forebrain known to play key roles in emotional regulation, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the dentate gyrus (DG). We report here that cells in all three regions exhibit daily rhythms in expression of PER2 that are under the control of the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The rhythm in the CEA and the rhythms in the BLA and DG are diametrically opposite in phase and are differentially affected by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy completely abolished the PER2 rhythm in the CEA but had no effect on the PER2 rhythms in the BLA and DG. We previously reported a rhythm in PER2 expression in the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis that is identical in phase and sensitivity to adrenalectomy to that found in the CEA. Together, these findings show that key structures of the limbic forebrain exhibit daily oscillations in clock gene expression that are controlled not only by input from the SCN but, importantly, by hormonal and neurochemical changes that normally accompany motivational and emotional states. Thus, cells within these areas are strategically positioned to integrate the inputs from the SCN and emotional states to modulate circadian rhythms downstream from the SCN clock.hippocampus ͉ suprachiasmatic nucleus ͉ oval nucleus ͉ circadian clock I n mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is recognized as a master clock responsible for the regulation of all behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms (1). The rhythm of the SCN, although sensitive to the daily cycle of light, is relatively invulnerable to environmental challenges and changes in physiology (2, 3). Yet it is recognized that stressors and changes in emotional states can have disruptive effects on behavioral and physiological rhythms (4-8). Furthermore, disruptions of circadian rhythms have negative effects on mood and well being, as observed during jet lag or shift work (9, 10).Although the SCN is the only clock structure required for the generation of circadian rhythmicity, recent studies show that circadian rhythms in expression of clock genes, such as Per1 and Per2, can be found in other brain regions that participate in the control of specific behavioral and physiological outputs. These include, but are not limited to, the striatum, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, preoptic area, and olfactory bulbs (11-17). The study of clock genes in these and other functionally defined brain regions may help to determine how the SCN clock controls specific circadian rhythms and, importantly, may contribute to an understanding of how diverse experiences and pathological conditions can affect circadian rhythms downstream from the SCN clock.We found recently th...

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Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior11Published on the World Wide Web on 2 November 2000.

Cited by 754 publications

References 248 publications

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Specific subgroups of Fru ^M neurons control sexually dimorphic patterns of aggression in Drosophila melanogaster

The central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit opposite diurnal rhythms of expression of the clock protein Period2

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Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior11Published on the World Wide Web on 2 November 2000.

Cited by 754 publications

References 248 publications

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic social behaviours

Specific subgroups of Fru M neurons control sexually dimorphic patterns of aggression in Drosophila melanogaster

The central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit opposite diurnal rhythms of expression of the clock protein Period2

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Specific subgroups of Fru ^M neurons control sexually dimorphic patterns of aggression in Drosophila melanogaster