Cerebral atherosclerosis in negroes and caucasians

Solberg, L A; McGarry, Paul

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(72)90048-2

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…13 " 15 The same results were shown in the WHO study. 1617 On the other hand, hypertension alone in the absence of severe atherosclerosis does not appear to greatly influence the rate of CHD.…”

Section: Atherosclerosis In Major Disease Groupssupporting

confidence: 74%

Risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions. A review of autopsy studies.

Solberg¹,

Strong²

1983

Arteriosclerosis

334

114

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This review assesses the current status of knowledge concerning the relationship of risk factors to atherosclerotic lesions. Risk factors for atherosclerotic lesions per se need not necessarily be identical to those related to clinically overt coronary heart disease (CHD). This review is based on 1) autopsy studies where information on risk factors was gathered In a retrospective fashion; and 2) autopsy studies where information on risk fetors was gathered prospectively. In spite of differences in study designs and grading methods among the studies, the general findings were similar. Elevated serum cholesterol and blood pressure are positively and significantly related to atherosclerotic lesions. High density llpoprotein cholesterol Is inversely related to coronary and probably also to cerebral atherosclerosis. Almost all studies Indicate a significant association between cigarette smoking and degree of aortic atherosclerosis; a positive relationship between smoking and coronary atherosclerosis Is found In many, but not all, studies. In most studies no consistent association was found between obesity or physical activity and the degree of atherosclerosis. Data from the Community Pathology Study in New Orleans indicate that the average extent of coronary atherosclerosis in a population may be subject to changes within a relatively short period of time; these changes might be expected to parallel changes In risk factors In the population. (Arteriosclerosis 3:187-198, May/June 1983) E pidemiologic studies of living populations have identified personal attributes associated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). The clinical endpoints for CHD (myocardial infarction, sudden death due to coronary thrombosis, and angina pectoris) are the result of a combination of factors, including the amount and distribution of coronary atherosclerosis, mechanisms related to the occlusive episode, the size and workload of the heart, and sequelae such as cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial failure. The close relationship between severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis and the development fo CHD is now almost universally accepted; nevertheless, it is important to establish whether risk factors for clinically overt CHD are also related to the development of atherosclerosis per se.1 Risk factors for CHD could be associated This research was supported in part by Grant HL-08974 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service.Address for reprints: Dr. Jack P. Strong, Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112. 'Received December 11, 1982; revision accepted February 8, 1983. with the basic development of the underlying arterial lesions or with the complications of lesions, such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, rupture of plaques, and embolism. Risk factors could also act directly on the myocardium and its conduction system, not on the underlying arterial lesions. The detection ...

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Section: Atherosclerosis In Major Disease Groupssupporting

confidence: 74%

Risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions. A review of autopsy studies.

Solberg¹,

Strong²

1983

Arteriosclerosis

334

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies have shown that age is an independent risk factor for ICAS and hence antithrombotic therapy could reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. [13][14][15][16][17] Studies have also reported that increasing age is associated with a high prevalence of basilar artery lesions 17,18 ; hence, age may not only increase the severity of ICAS, but also influence the distribution of occluded vessels. Retrospective studies suggest that anticoagulation could improve the outcome in certain subgroups of patients with severe stenosis (70%-99%) or vertebrobasilar disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Aspirin for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Artery Occlusive Disease

Wang

Chen

et al. 2012

Stroke

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Background and Purpose— The Fraxiparin in Stroke Study for the treatment of ischemic stroke (FISS-tris) study showed no superiority of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) over aspirin for the primary end point (Barthel Index) in acute ischemic stroke due to large artery occlusive disease. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of LMWH and aspirin in selected subgroups so as to generate hypotheses for further studies. Methods— The FISS-tris study was a multicenter, randomized trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of LMWH (nadroparin calcium 3800 antifactor Xa IU/0.4 mL subcutaneously twice daily) or aspirin (160 mg once daily) for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke and large artery occlusive disease. The primary outcome was the Barthel Index score dichotomized at 85 6 months poststroke. Exploratory subgroup analysis was performed using different levels of baseline characteristics and the distribution of symptomatic arteries. Results— Compared with aspirin, LMWH improved outcome among older patients >68 years ( P =0.043; OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.02–3.41) without ongoing antiplatelet treatment on admission ( P =0.029; OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.06–3.21) and with symptomatic posterior circulation arterial disease ( P =0.001; OR, 5.76; 95% CI, 2.00–16.56). Conclusions— Our findings suggest that LMWH may be of benefit in certain subgroups of patients with acute cerebral infarct and large artery occlusive disease. Hence, further investigation of LMWH may be justified in subgroups such as the elderly, nonusers of antiplatelet agents, and patients with posterior circulation stenosis. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: www.strokecenter.org/trials . Unique identifier: registration no. 493.

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“…Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most powerful and treatable cardiac precursor of stroke. The incidence and prevalence of AF increase with age 13 . With each successive decade of life above age 55, incidence of AF doubles 14 .…”

Section: Risk Factors For Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke: A Review Update

Choudhury

Chowdhury

Nayeem

et al. 2015

J. Natl Inst. Neurosci Bangladesh

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Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries. Stroke is the most important cause of morbidity and longterm disability in Europe as well as in other industrialized nations. Prevalence rate was higher among men compared with women 3.44 and 2.41 per 1000 respectively. Data from the Northern Manhattan study showed the age adjusted incidence of first ischemic stroke per 100,000 was 88 in Whites 191 in Blacks and 149 in Hispanics. Black has almost thrice the risk of first ever stroke compared with Whites. The age adjustment stroke incidence rates for first ever stroke are 167 for White males, 138 for White females, 323 for Black males and 260 for Black females. Among American-Indian age 65-74, the annual rates per 1,000 population of new and recurrent stoke are 6.1 for men and 6.6 for women. 22The prevalence of stroke in American Indian mean age 45-74 ranges from 0.2 to 1.4 percent and in women from 0.2 to 0.7 percent 5 . In a study in Bangladesh the prevalence rate of stroke were 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 10.0 , and 10.0 per 1000 within age groups of 40 -49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years and 80 years to above age group respectively 6 . Prevalence rate rose with age. People with age range 70-79 years compared to 40-49 years age range is 4.98 times and people with age range > 80 years compared to 40-49 years age range is 4.78 times more likely to have suffered from stroke. Prevalence rate was higher among men compared with women 3.44 and 2.41 per 1000 respectively 7 . On average every 45 seconds someone in the United States has a stroke. Each year about 700,000 people experience a new or current stroke 5 . About 500,000 of these are first attack and 200,000 are recurrent attacks 4 . Each year about 46,000 more men than women have a stroke 6 . Men's stroke incidence rate is 1.25 times greater than women's 6 .

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Cerebral atherosclerosis in negroes and caucasians

Cited by 89 publications

References 6 publications

Risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions. A review of autopsy studies.

Risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions. A review of autopsy studies.

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Aspirin for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Artery Occlusive Disease

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke: A Review Update

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