Cerebellar Syndrome Associated with Thyroid Disorders

Ercoli, Tommaso; Defazio, Giovanni; Muroni, Antonella

doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01059-9

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…[26][27][28][29] However, it has not been determined whether antithyroid antibodies play a direct role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy or simply serve as a marker of autoimmune reactivity. [26][27][28][29] As an active form of vitamin D, 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D 3 can cooperate with vitamin D receptors to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, control the proliferation and differentiation of cells and generate immunomodulatory effects. 30 1,25 (OH) 2 D 3 down-regulates the expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II and stimulating molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86), increases the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and reduces the secretion of IL-12, thus repressing the Th 1 cell immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] TGAb and TPOAb positivity, especially almost 100% positivity for TPOAb, is one of the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. [26][27][28][29] However, it has not been determined whether antithyroid antibodies play a direct role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy or simply serve as a marker of autoimmune reactivity. [26][27][28][29] As an active form of vitamin D, 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D 3 can cooperate with vitamin D receptors to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, control the proliferation and differentiation of cells and generate immunomodulatory effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23–25 TGAb and TPOAb positivity, especially almost 100% positivity for TPOAb, is one of the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. 26–29 However, it has not been determined whether antithyroid antibodies play a direct role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy or simply serve as a marker of autoimmune reactivity. 26–29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26–29 However, it has not been determined whether antithyroid antibodies play a direct role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy or simply serve as a marker of autoimmune reactivity. 26–29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

J Int Med Res

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Objective To perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods This meta-analysis included randomized controlled clinical trials identified by a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed®, MEDLINE®, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to August 2020. All studies included patients with HT that received vitamin D supplementation irrespective of the doses administered or the duration of treatment. The primary and secondary outcome measures were thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) titres. Results Eight studies ( n = 652) were included. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies. Using a random-effect model, vitamin D supplementation reduced TPOAb titre (standardized mean difference [SMD]: –1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1–1.92, –0.29) and TGAb titre (SMD: –1.12; 95% CI: –1.96, –0.28). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation for >3 months resulted in a decrease in TPOAb titre (SMD: –1.66, 95% CI: –2.91, –0.41) but treatment ≤3 months was ineffective. Treatment with vitamin D3 decreased TPOAb titre (SMD: –1.48; 95% CI: –2.53, –0.42) whereas vitamin D did not. Conclusion These data suggest that vitamin D reduces autoantibody titre in patients with HT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

J Int Med Res

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“…Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Differences between groups were examined by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, or the Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate [23][24][25]. For all analyses, significance was set at 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Background Qualitative smell/taste disorders (such as phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia) have not yet been fully characterized in patients who had COVID-19, whereas quantitative disturbances (i.e., reduction/loss of smell/taste) have been widely investigated. Objective To simultaneously assess the presence of both quantitative and qualitative smell/taste dysfunctions in patients who suffered from COVID-19. Methods We enrolled 17 consecutive patients who suffered from COVID-19 over the last 6 months and 21 healthy controls, matched for sex and age. After a negative nasopharyngeal swab, the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the Taste Strips were used to assess olfactory and taste function, respectively. At the same time, the presence of phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia was investigated with a standardized questionnaire. Results Qualitative disturbances of smell and/or taste were found in 6/17 (35.3%) patients. Phantosmia was reported in 2/17 (11.8%) patients and parosmia in 4/17 (23.5%). There were no significant differences in smell test scores between patients who reported phantosmia and/or parosmia and patients who did not. Phantogeusia was described in 3/17 (17.6%) patients, and parageusia was identified in 4/17 (23.5%) patients. All tested patients were normogeusic. Conclusion Around one-third of patients who recover from COVID-19 may have persistent qualitative dysfunction in smell/taste domains. Detection of phantogeusia in long-term COVID-19 patients represents a further novel finding. Further investigation is needed to better characterize the pathophysiology of phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia in patients who had COVID-19.

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Thyroid Disorders and Movement Disorders—A Systematic Review

Schneider

Tschaidse

Reisch

2023

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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Background There is overlap between movement disorders and neuroendocrine abnormalities. Objectives and methods To provide a systematic review on the association of thyroid dysfunction and movement disorders. Thyroid physiological function and classical thyroid disorders highlighting typical and atypical manifestations including movement disorders, as well as diagnostic procedures, and treatments are discussed. Results Hypothyroidism may be associated with hypokinetic and hyperkinetic disorders. There is debate whether their concomitance reflects a causal link, is coincidence, or the result of one unmasking the other. Hypothyroidism‐associated parkinsonism may resemble idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Hypothyroidism‐associated hyperkinetic disorders mainly occur in the context of steroid‐responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis, that is, Hashimoto disease, mostly manifesting with tremor, myoclonus, and ataxia present in 28–80%, 42–65% and 33–65% in larger series. Congenital hypothyroidism manifesting with movement disorders, mostly chorea and dystonia, due to Mendelian genetic disease are rare. Hyperthyroidism on the other hand mostly manifests with hyperkinetic movement disorders, typically tremor (present in three quarters of patients). Chorea (present in about 2% of hyperthyroid patients), dystonia, myoclonus, ataxia and paroxysmal movement disorders, as well as parkinsonism have also been reported, with correlation between movement intensity and thyroid hormone levels. On a group level, studies on the role of thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for the development of PD remain non‐conclusive. Conclusions In view of the treatability of movement disorders associated with thyroid disease, accurate diagnosis is important. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood. More detailed case documentation and systematic studies, along with experimental studies are needed.

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Cerebellar Syndrome Associated with Thyroid Disorders

Cited by 20 publications

References 75 publications

Effects of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

Thyroid Disorders and Movement Disorders—A Systematic Review

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