Cerebellar Synaptopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

There is an increasing amount of evidence that supports the diabetic complications of the central nervous system structure and function. The cerebellum, which is one of the primary structure derived from the hindbrain, plays an important role in motor control, motor coordination, and non-motor functions, such as cognitive processing. The synapse is a critical structure that regulates neuronal communication, and well-defined afferent and efferent fibre connections in the cerebellum help in maintaining the proper working order. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the long-term effects of diabetes-induced synaptopathy in the cerebellum, using both histological and ultrastructural studies. Twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided randomly into control and diabetic groups, and diabetes was then induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Six month later, the rats were sacrificed and the cerebellum was removed. Light and electron microscopic examinations showed a degeneration of Purkinje cells (Neuron purkinjense) with shrunken cells, pyknotic nuclei, and synaptopathy, including the reduction in synapse density, number of synaptic vesicles, and maturation of synapses in the molecular layer of diabetic cerebellum. The disruptions in synaptic profiles, which observed in the diabetic condition, could be related to cerebellar dysfunction, thus leading to the defects in coordinated movement, balance, as well as cognitive learning and memory.

Modifications of Adrenal Gland Ultrastructure in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model Rats

“…After STZ-induction, rats presented hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and unexplained weight loss, similar to previous studies (Lanlua et al, 2007;Sricharoenvej et al;Niyomchan et al;Lanlua et al, 2019).…”

“…The adrenal glands were removed and cut into 5-mm3 cubes. Ultrastructural techniques were applied (Niyomchan et al;Lanlua et al, 2019). The specimens were serially sectioned (80-85 nm thick), stained with 1 % uranyl acetate and lead citrate.…”

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that affects several systems, including the nervous, urinary, immune, vascular, and endocrine systems (Lanlua et al, 2007;Sricharoenvej et al, 2009;Niyomchan et al, 2019;Lanlua et al, 2019). The adrenal gland has been associated with the DM symptoms, such as polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria (Fauci et al, 2009).…”

Altered Oligodendrocytes in Spinal Enlargements of Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (Fauci et al, 2009). DM-related complication in some areas of the central nervous system (Niyomchan et al, 2019), such as the spinal cord (Sricharoenvej et al, 2015;Lanlua et al, 2019), have been reported. The spinal cord is related to integrating and modulating both sensory input from the peripheral nerves to the higher center and output from the higher center to the peripheral organs (Fitzgerald et al, 2011).…”

The Effect of Endurance Training on Apoptotic Inducing Factor (AIF) in Cerebellum of Type 1 Diabetic Rats

“…Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease that causes functional changes in the nervous that has been increasing in the last decades (1,2). Autonomic and peripheral neuropathy are well known complications in diabetic patients (3). There is increasing evidence that diabetes condition is associated with some forms of neuropathy.…”