Cerebellar Physiology

Llinás, Rodolfó R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66316-1_32

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In Xenopus laevis , this startle response is quite different from that in R. catesbeiana. Not much is known about the inhibitory interneurons (stellate and Golgi cells) which modulate this basic cerebellar circuitry (Llinas 1976). Startle responses in adult X. laevis, or the 'escape jumps' of Rana and Hyla, may be initiated by Mauthner cells The anuran cerebellum consists of a large, platelike, central part or corpus cerebelli, and two lateral parts called auricular lobes (Larsell 1967;Nieuwenhuys 1967b).…”

Section: Metamorphic Changes In the Octavo Lateral Area The Mauthnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from mechanical and anatomical differences (Wassersug and Hoff 1985;Hoff and Wassersug 1986;Nishikawa and Wassersug 1988), different neural mechanisms may also account for differences in timing and performance of the response components (see . Basket cells seem to be lacking altogether (Llinas 1976;Reichenberger et al 1993). It develops from the most rostral parts of the rhombencephalic alar plates (see Sect.…”

Section: Metamorphic Changes In the Octavo Lateral Area The Mauthnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Llinas (1976) reviewed the cerebellar physiology from the early ablation and stimulation experiments to the intracellular analysis of single cell neuronal organisation. Llinas (1976) reviewed the cerebellar physiology from the early ablation and stimulation experiments to the intracellular analysis of single cell neuronal organisation.…”

Section: Metamorphic Changes In the Octavo Lateral Area The Mauthnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also no indications were found for tecto cerebellar connections or cerebellar projections from the torus semicircularis as suggested on the basis of normal material (Larsell 1923;Rothig 1927). Visual responses have been recorded in the anuran cerebellum (Llinas 1976;Ansorge and Grusser-Cornehls 1977). 19.63a).…”

Section: Cerebellar Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anurans

Donkelaar¹

1998

The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates

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Section: Metamorphic Changes In the Octavo Lateral Area The Mauthnermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metamorphic Changes In the Octavo Lateral Area The Mauthnermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metamorphic Changes In the Octavo Lateral Area The Mauthnermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cerebellar Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anurans

Donkelaar¹

1998

The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates

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“…Although the functional significance of gap junctional coupling of mossy fibers with granule cells has not yet been examined, it is tempting to assume that they are the morphological correlates of integration of mossy fiber inputs and the subsequent synchronous firing of the granule cell population, as has been demonstrated for the frog by Lliná s (1976). The electrical coupling between mossy fibers and granule cells might elucidate the previously unexplained physiological finding recorded from the vestibulocerebellar system of the frog (Precht and Lliná s, 1969).…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Organization of dye‐coupled cerebellar granule cells labeled from afferent vestibular and dorsal root fibers in the frogRana esculenta

Rácz

Bácskai

Halasi

et al. 2006

J of Comparative Neurology

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Application of neurobiotin to the nerves of individual labyrinthine organs and dorsal root fibers of limb-innervating segments of the frog resulted in labeling of granule cells in the cerebellum showing a significant overlap with a partial segregation in the related areas of termination. In different parts of the cerebellum, various combinations of different canal and otolith organ-related granule cells have been discerned. The difference in the extension of territories of vertical canals vs. horizontal canals may reflect their different involvement in the vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal reflex. Dye-coupled cells related to the lagenar and saccular neurons were localized in more rostral parts of the cerebellum, whereas cells of the utricle were represented only in its caudal half. This separation is supportive of the dual function of the lagena and the saccule. The territories of granule cells related to the cervical and lumbar segments of the spinal cord were almost completely separated along the rostrocaudal axis of cerebellum, whereas their territories were almost entirely overlapping in the mediolateral and ventrodorsal directions. The partial overlap of labyrinthine organ-related and dorsal root fiber-related granule cells are suggestive of a convergence of sensory modalities involved in the sense of balance. We propose that the afferent input of vestibular and proprioceptive fibers mediated by gap junctions to the cerebellar granule cells subserve one of the possible morphological correlates of a very rapid modification of the motor activity in the vestibulocerebellospinal neuronal circuit.

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Distribution of proenkephalin‐derived peptides in the brain of Rana esculenta

Merchenthaler

Lázár

Maderdrut

1989

J of Comparative Neurology

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The immunocytochemical distribution of authentic proenkephalin-containing perikarya and nerve fibers in the brain of Rana esculenta was determined with antisera directed toward different epitopes of preproenkephalin. The pattern of proenkephalinlike immunoreactivity was similar with antisera directed toward [Met5]-enkephalin, [Met5]-enkephalin-Arg6, [Met5]-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, [Leu5]-enkephalin, and metorphamide; however, the intensity of the labelling varied depending on the target antigen. Proenkephalin-containing perikarya were located in all major subdivisions of the brain except the metencephalon. In the telencephalon, immunoreactive perikarya were detected in the dorsal, medial, and lateral pallium; the medial septal nucleus; the dorsal and ventral striatum; and the amygdala. In the diencephalon, immunoreactive perikarya were detected in the preoptic nucleus, in the dorsal and ventral caudal hypothalamus, and in an area that appeared to be homologous to the paraventricular nucleus. In the mesencephalon, numerous immunoreactive perikarya were detected in layer 6 of the optic tectum and a few scattered perikarya were detected in layer 4 of the optic tectum. Immunoreactive perikarya also occurred in the laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis. In the rhombencephalon, immunoreactive perikarya were detected in the obex region and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Immunoreactive fibers of varying density were observed in all major subdivisions of the brain with the densest accumulations of fibers occurring in the dorsal pallium, the lateral and medial forebrain bundles, the amygdala, the periventricular hypothalamus, the superficial region of the caudolateral brainstem, and in a tract that appeared to be homologous to the tractus solitarius. The extensive system of proenkephalin-containing perikarya and nerve fibers in the brain of an amphibian showed many similarities to the distribution of proenkephalin-containing perikarya and nerve fibers previously described for the amniote brain.

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Cerebellar Physiology

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Anurans

Anurans

Organization of dye‐coupled cerebellar granule cells labeled from afferent vestibular and dorsal root fibers in the frogRana esculenta

Distribution of proenkephalin‐derived peptides in the brain of Rana esculenta

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