Cerebellar lesions alter performance monitoring on the antisaccade task?An event-related potentials study

Executive deficit in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is related to expanded CAG repeats: Evidence from antisaccadic eye movements

“…This implicates the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex as well as supplementary eye fields, the pre-supplementary area and the cerebellum as mentioned above (Ford, Goltz, Brown, & Everling, 2005;Peterburs et al, 2012;Stuphorn, Brown, & Schall, 2010). Another possible explanation is that SCA2 subjects forget the context of the task during their performances.…”

“…Indeed, functional magnetic resonance imaging data provided by Ettinger et al (2005) demonstrated the activation of the left posterior cerebellar lobe and suggested a role of this region in the processing of antisaccadic errors. Also, a recent event-related potentials study revealed that cerebellar lesions affect the monitoring of antisaccadic errors (Peterburs et al, 2012). Recently, Brunamonti et al (2014) proposed that the cerebellum receives a copy of the cortically originated signals to suppress a movement and contributes to executive control of this action by modulating the tonic inhibition of the deep cerebellar nuclei by the cerebellar cortex.…”

A cerebellar role in performance monitoring – Evidence from EEG and voxel-based morphometry in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease

“…Neuroimaging studies have indeed yielded evidence that cerebellar output contributes to post-error processing by influencing the activity of the PFC and ACC, presumably through cerebello-thalamo-cortical projections (Ide and Li, 2011;Strick et al, 2009). In line with this, direct evidence for a critical cerebellar contribution to error processing was obtained in a study in which cerebellar lesion patients performed an antisaccade task and showed reduced error-related negativity (ERN) or error negativity (Ne) (Peterburs et al, 2012), an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with processing of performance errors (Falkenstein et al, 1991;Gehring et al, 1993). However, two important questions remained unanswered.…”

“…Second, the relationship between neural correlates of performance monitoring and behavioural performance on the antisaccade task was not clear, as error rates were not increased in the patients (Peterburs et al, 2012;Filippopulos et al, 2013a). Interestingly, error positivity (Pe), a later ERP component related to more conscious aspects of error processing (Falkenstein et al, 1995), was enhanced in the patients, suggesting that a compensatory mechanism combined with increased saccadic reaction times enabled slower error processing and intact behavioural performance (Peterburs et al, 2012). Functional reorganization processes might thus have played a role, as the patients all suffered from longstanding neural damage.…”

“…Peterburs et al, 2012;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2001;Endrass et al, 2007), and is ideally suited to investigate performance monitoring at the interface between motor control, as reflected in antisaccade performance, and cognition, as reflected in inhibition of unwanted prosaccades. It was hypothesized that patients would show a reduced ERN, as already reported for patients with focal cerebellar lesions (Peterburs et al, 2012). Furthermore, in line with exacerbated functional reorganization and compensation, performance as reflected in error rates was expected to be impaired.…”