Cercopithifilaria species in dogs and ticks from Greece

Angelou, Athanasios; Latrofa, Maria Stefanía; Annoscia, Giada; Symeonidou, Isaia; Theodoridis, Alexandros; Polizopoulou, Zoe; Otranto, Domenico; Papadopoulos, Elias

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06784-3

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…More specifically, up to 5.5% of the dogs tested were infected with C. bainae . In previous studies, infection rates of 9.4% and 13.9% were reported in Italy [ 1 , 37 ], 21.6% in Spain [ 1 ], 4.3% and 13.6% in Greece [ 1 , 26 ], 9.8% in Portugal [ 38 ], 2.6% in Romania [ 39 ], 1% in Brazil [ 40 ] and 2.6% in USA [ 41 ]. A similar variation was found in our survey, with the infection rates in dogs varying according to the study regions, with the highest prevalence of infection (25%) in Kermanshah and no cases in Ahvaz and Khorramabad.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern is similar to that observed in dogs from Italy, where the prevalence of C. bainae ranged from 7.7% in Sardinia to 13.3% in Sicily [ 1 , 37 ]. The prevalence of this filarioid has also been reported to vary in Greece, between 2% and 30.8% depending on the sampling location [ 26 ]. Of note, infection in the sampled dogs in the different regions could not be associated with climate, elevation above sea level or average annual precipitation (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been reported in animal populations of Italy with Cercopithifilaria sp. II and C. grassi [ 10 , 37 ], in Greece with C. grassii [ 10 , 26 ] and in Spain and Portugal with C. grassii and Cercopithifilaria sp. II [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogs affected by Cercopithifilaria spp. and O. lupi sometimes do not display any clinical signs [ 25 , 26 ]. In the context of this background, together with the presence of R. sanguineus s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermal microfilariae of dogs, jackals and cats in different regions of Iran

et al. 2022

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Background Due to the complexity of retrieving skin-dwelling microfilariae, filarioids of dogs presenting dermal microfilariae (e.g. Cercopithifilaria spp., Onchocerca lupi) are relatively unknown compared to Dirofilaria spp. and Acanthocheilonema spp. whose microfilariae circulate in the blood. Although Cercopithifilaria spp. and O. lupi filarioids are distributed worldwide, there is a paucity of information on their occurrence in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate these filarioids in a large population of dogs from different regions of Iran. Methods From October 2018 to September 2020, skin biopsies were obtained from dogs housed in shelters (n = 557) and privately owned dogs (n = 26) in seven provinces of Iran (Hamedan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Mazandaran, Khuzestan, Lorestan, Esfahan), as well as from three road-killed jackals (Canis aureus) and three cats (Felis catus) in Hamedan province. The skin biopsies were first soaked in saline solution at room temperature overnight, and examined for dermal microfilariae under the microscope. Positive skin specimens and sediments were tested by PCR for a 304-bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and amplicons were sequenced. Results Microfilariae of Cercopithifilaria spp. were found in skin biopsies of 32 of the 583 (5.5%) dogs tested, with infection rates of up to 25% in Kermanshah. No microfilariae were recovered from skin biopsy samples collected from dogs in Khorramabad and Ahvaz, nor from the examined jackals and cats. None of the privately owned dogs were found to be infected. Morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the microfilariae were consistent with C. bainae. Eighteen skin samples were positive for the cox1 gene, of which 15 sequences showed a nucleotide identity of 100% and three of 93.4% with the reference sequence of C. bainae available in GenBank (haplotype I; GenBank accession number: JF461457). Conclusions The data from this study broadens current knowledge on the geographical distribution of C. bainae in dogs in Middle Eastern countries. Further studies on different wild canine species in the country (e.g. jackal, fox, wolf) could provide further information on the epidemiology of these filarioids. A particular focus should be put on zoonotic O. lupi given the reports of its presence in human patients from this country. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermal microfilariae of dogs, jackals and cats in different regions of Iran

et al. 2022

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“…Later, this filaroid ( Cercopithifilaria spp.) was detected in dogs in Spain, Greece, and different Southern Italian regions (including Basilicata and Sicily), with a prevalence ranging from 10.5% to 15% according to the technique used (e.g., microscopy of skin sediments or PCR on skin samples) for the detection [7,142]. A recent study conducted in dogs (n=102) in the Algarve region of Portugal reported for the first time the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp.…”

Section: Cercopithifilaria Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-borne nematode diseases in pets and humans in the Mediterranean Basin: An update

2019

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Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. The scale of VBDs is increasing worldwide, including in the Mediterranean Basin, a region exposed to climate changes. Indeed, weather conditions may influence the abundance and distribution of vectors. The vector-borne nematode diseases of dogs and cats, such as dirofilariosis, onchocercosis, thelaziosis, Cercopithifilaria, and Acanthocheilonema infections, are some of these vectorized diseases, several of which are zoonoses. They are all caused by parasitic nematodes transmitted by arthropods, including mosquitoes (Dirofilaria spp.), black flies (Onchocerca lupi), drosophilids (Thelazia callipaeda), ticks (Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and Cercopithifilaria bainae), and fleas and lice (Acanthocheilonema reconditum). The control and prevention of these infections and diseases require a multidisciplinary approach based on strengthening collaboration between the different actors in the fields of health, research, sociology, economics, governments and citizens, to improve human, animal, and ecosystem health. This is the concept of “one health.” The review aimed to provide a general update on the spatial and temporal distribution of vector-borne nematodes diseases affecting companion animals and humans, as well as the vectors involved in the Mediterranean area. Simultaneously, certain epidemiological parameters, diagnosis, treatment, and control of these diseases based on the “one health” concept will also be discussed.

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