Cephalometric analysis for the diagnosis of sleep apnea: a comparative study between reference values and measurements obtained for Brazilian subjects

Maschtakow, Patrícia Superbi Lemos; Tanaka, Jefferson Luis Oshiro; Rocha, João Carlos da; Giannasi, Lílian Chrystiane; Moraes, Mari Eli Leonelli de; Costa, Carolina Bacci; Castilho, Júlio Cézar de Melo; Moraes, Luiz César de

doi:10.1590/s2176-94512013000300023

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Fat deposition around the airway due to obesity is known to be the main cause of OSA, but for Japanese patients, OSA has been seen in around 40% of non‐obese patients with a body mass index (BMI: kg/m 2 ) of <25 5 . Recently, maxillofacial morphology, such as small mandible with retrusion, short oral depth, or low position of the hyoid bone, has been reported to be associated with OSA 8‐20 . However, the subjects in those studies were almost all male patients, so the clinical features of female OSA patients remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between severity of obstructive sleep apnea and maxillofacial morphology and BMI; from the point of view of sex and age distribution

Amitani

Takeyama

Nihara

et al. 2020

Oral Science International

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Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally more common in men than in women, so many studies have only involved male OSA patients as subjects. However, a certain proportion of OSA patients are female, and few studies have addressed this population. Maxillofacial morphology and obesity are now being shown to be intimately connected with OSA, but the details remain unclear. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify the clinical features of OSA in men and women of different ages, with a focus on maxillofacial morphology and body mass index (BMI). Methods The subjects comprised 112 patients (56 men and 56 women) randomly selected from adult patients in the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. We investigated the results of lateral cephalogram measurements and polysomnography (PSG) conducted before the start of OSA treatment. We then divided the patients by age (with 50 years as the cutoff value) and sex, and performed statistical comparisons among these four groups. Results The findings showed that the hyoid bone was lower in men aged ≥50 compared with <50, and the cross‐sectional area of the tongue was larger. This suggested that aging changes in maxillofacial morphology may be a risk factor in men. In women, however, only slight morphological differences were found between the two age groups. Conclusions This comparative study of sex and age groups in OSA patients suggests that the different groups have different clinical characteristics and may have different risk factors for developing OSA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between severity of obstructive sleep apnea and maxillofacial morphology and BMI; from the point of view of sex and age distribution

Amitani

Takeyama

Nihara

et al. 2020

Oral Science International

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“…In this study, the authors opted to use the sleep apnea cephalometry instrument because it has been validated for Brazilians and presents standard values that may be used as reference [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size calculation for the difference between two measurements was made considering the test power of 80 and 95% confidence coefficient. The values with reference to the mean and standard deviation of the variable median posterior palatal space when compared with two independent groups, and the estimate of the minimum difference to be detected, required for the calculation, were retrieved from the previous results [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample was composed of 45 digital lateral head teleradiographs of adult individuals, with permanent dentition, skeletal Class I determined by Steiner’s variable ANB [ 8 ], mean SNA of 82.65° (standard deviation = 1.94), and SNB 81.11° (standard deviation 1.95).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen teleradiographs were selected of each craniofacial growth pattern, classified into mesofacial (5 males and 10 females, aged 16–31 years, mean age = 22.21), brachyfacial (8 males and 7 females, aged 17–34 years, mean age = 25.6), and dolichofacial patterns (11 male e 4 females, aged 16–31, mean age = 25.0). To evaluate the upper airways, sleep apnea cephalometry, validated for Brazilians [ 8 ], was used, containing 28 points that compose 14 factors (Figs. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective cephalometric study on upper airway spaces in different facial types

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCraniofacial growth pattern has been correlated with variations in size of the upper airway spaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal airway spaces variations according to the craniofacial growth pattern, by comparing brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial in Angle Class I individuals.MethodsTo measure the spaces, 45 lateral teleradiographs were used and divided into 3 groups per the craniofacial growth pattern, determined by the Tweed cephalometry angular measurements: FMA and Y-axis. To evaluate the airways, sleep apnea cephalometry was used, containing 28 points that compose 14 factors. Three groups were compared relative to each of the 14 sleep apnea cephalometry measurements. Adherence test to the normal curve was performed. For the non-normally distributed data—measurement of the inferior pharyngeal space—the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between the groups. For the remaining data, the distribution was normal and ANOVA test was used.ResultsStatistically significant difference was verified among the groups for the measurement of the median posterior-palatal space, with the difference being pointed out by the post hoc test between the brachyfacial and dolichofacial groups. For the other measurements, there was no statistically significant difference.ConclusionsIt could be concluded that there was difference in the median posterior-palatal space measurement, in the oropharynx region, which was reduced for individuals with a dolichofacial pattern.

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Orthodontics and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Kim

2021

Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Cephalometric analysis for the diagnosis of sleep apnea: a comparative study between reference values and measurements obtained for Brazilian subjects

Abstract: The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

The relationship between severity of obstructive sleep apnea and maxillofacial morphology and BMI; from the point of view of sex and age distribution

The relationship between severity of obstructive sleep apnea and maxillofacial morphology and BMI; from the point of view of sex and age distribution

A retrospective cephalometric study on upper airway spaces in different facial types

Orthodontics and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

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