CeO₂ nanoparticles modulate Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and lipoxygenase-IV isozyme activities to alleviate membrane oxidative damage to improve rapeseed salt tolerance

Abstract

Rapeseed is an important cash crop. However, its yield and quality are significantly affected by salinity stress. Salinity stress causes ROS-overaccumulation in plants and limits its yield and quality. Cerium...

Nano-enabled agriculture: How do nanoparticles cross barriers in plants?

“…For example, although AgNPs show antifungal activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana ( Mishra et al., 2014 ), wood-rotting pathogens (e.g., Gloeophyllum abietinum ; Narayanan and Park, 2014 ), and phytophthora pathogens (e.g., Phytophthora parasitica ; Ali et al., 2015 ), etc., foliar application of AgNPs induces oxidative stress in cucumber leaves ( Zhang et al., 2018a ). Cerium oxide NPs with a negative charge, about 10-nm size, and low Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ratio improved plant tolerance to high light, heat, cold, and salinity in different plant species, including cotton, rice, rapeseed, cucumber, and Arabidopsis ( Wu et al., 2017b , 2018 ; An et al., 2020 ; Khan et al., 2021 , 2022 ; Liu et al., 2021 ; Zhou et al., 2021 ; Li et al., 2022b ; Chen et al., 2022 ). By contrast, cerium oxide NPs with a 99-nm size and 47-mV charge resulted in toxicity to asparagus lettuce plants, causing reduced root length ( Cui et al., 2014 ).…”

Plant Salinity Stress Response and Nano-Enabled Plant Salt Tolerance

“…For example, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), cerium oxide nanoparticles, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (SeNPs and ZnONPs) can significantly alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on the growth of rapeseed seedlings. Seed priming using cerium oxide nanoparticles, SeNPs and ZnONPs, also significantly improves the germination rate of rapeseed seeds under salt stress ( Rossi et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ; El-Badri et al, 2021 ; Khan et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2022 ). For more details, please refer to Table 1 .…”

“…Nanoceria are known as nanozyme and potent catalytic ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenger, having a large number of surface oxygen vacancies which can convert ROS, i.e., H 2 O 2 , O 2 − , and • OH to its non-radical counterparts. To date, the mechanisms behind nanoceria improved plant salt tolerance ( Figure 2 ) are: (1) maintaining ROS homeostasis via direct scavenging of ROS or modulating antioxidant system ( Rossi et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2018c ), (2) improving mesophyll cells’ ability to retain K + ( Wu et al, 2018d ), (3) improving shoot Na + exclusion ability to avoid over-accumulation of Na + in leaf ( Liu et al, 2021a ), (4) improving the production of gas signaling molecules, i.e., NO (nitric oxide; Zhou et al, 2021 ), (5) increasing α-amylase activities to improving seed germination ( Khan et al, 2021 ), (6) decreasing lipoxygenase activities to reduce membrane oxidative damage ( Li et al, 2022 ES Nano), and (7) allowing Na + being transported to shoot via shortening root apoplastic barriers ( Rossi et al, 2017 ). Some of these mechanisms might be shared between different nanomaterials in terms of improving plant salt tolerance.…”

CsAKT1 is a key gene for the CeO2 nanoparticle's improved cucumber salt tolerance: a validation from CRISPR-Cas9 lines

“…[21][22][23] The known mechanisms behind nanoceriaimproved plant salt tolerance are mainly associated with maintaining ROS homeostasis to reduce oxidative damage, an improvement in K + retention and Na + exclusion to maintain the K + /Na + ratio, an increase in gas signaling molecules such as nitric oxide, and modulation at the plant hormone level and α-amylase activities. 7,12,13,16,24,25 However, most of the above-mentioned studies are conducted at physiological, metabolic, and hormonal levels. Our knowledge about the insightful understanding of nanoimproved plant salt tolerance at the transcription level is insufficient.…”

“…The RNA seq and qPCR (quantitative realtime PCR) results can point out the modulation of nanomaterials on gene expression levels in plants under salinity stress. 7,13,15,16,20,26,27 While, our knowledge about the validated key genes which are responsible for nanoceriaimproved plant salt tolerance is still limited.…”