Central role of carbonyl compounds in atmospheric chemistry

Lary, D. J.; Shallcross, Dudley E.

doi:10.1029/1999jd901184

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This class of compounds has been receiving more regulatory, scientific, and public attention because of their active roles in atmospheric reactions and potential adverse health impacts on humans (WHO, 2010). Carbonyl compounds are the direct precursors of peroxyacylnitrates and ozone (O 3 ) from photolysis or reactions of carbonyls with a hydroxyl radical (OH) to generate peroxyradicals (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 1986;Lary and Shallcross, 2000). Carbonyls act as major contributors to photochemical smog in the urban atmosphere (Atkinson, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Cheng

Bai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Risk assessment for indoor formaldehyde and other carbonyls was investigated at an university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Eight representative locations, including six indoor workplaces and two residential units of staff apartments and a student dormitory, were chosen. The indoor pollution origins were identified according to the variability in molar composition and correlation analysis for the target species. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), cooking activities, and office technologies such as printers and copiers can produce different degrees of carbonyls in the workplace. A one-year demonstration study conducted in a apartment showed significance of the off-gases from lacquers and new wooden furniture. The concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the most sampling locations were above the recommended exposure limits, reflecting a potential health risk to workers and occupants. Chronic daily intake (CDI) and lifetime cancer hazard risk (R) were calculated to assess the carcinogenic risks of chronic exposure to the carbonyls. The R values for formaldehyde exceeded the alarm level of 1 × 10 -6 in all sampled workplaces, but lower R values were associated with acetaldehyde. The results indicate that exposure of formaldehyde is a critical occupational health and safety concern. In addition, high risks associated with formaldehyde were also measured in the staff apartment, suggesting that the refurbishing materials and wooden furniture can potentially cause health impacts to occupants. The findings are informative to be referred in establishment of indoor air quality guidelines in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Cheng

Bai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Among this last class, we focus our attention on aldehydes, which are intermediates in hydrocarbon oxidation processes that play a central role in atmospheric chemistry (Lary and Shallcross, 2000;Shepson et al, 1996). In particular, in polar regions, aldehydes contribute significantly to the OH budget (Yang et al, 2002), and they react with bromine atoms, terminating chains of reactions that destroy ozone in the polar marine boundary layer during the spring (Barrie et al, 1988;Grannas et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetaldehyde in the Alaskan subarctic snowpack

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Acetaldehyde is a reactive intermediate in hydrocarbon oxidation. It is both emitted and taken up by snowpacks and photochemical and physical processes are probably involved. Understanding the reactivity of acetaldehyde in snow and its processes of physical and chemical exchanges requires the knowledge of its incorporation mechanism in snow crystals. We have performed a season-long study of the evolution of acetaldehyde concentrations in the subarctic snowpack near Fairbanks (65 • N), central Alaska, which is subjected to a vigorous metamorphism due to persistent elevated temperature gradients in the snowpack, between 20 and 200 • C m −1 . The snowpack therefore almost entirely transforms into depth hoar. We have also analyzed acetaldehyde in a manipulated snowpack where temperature gradients were suppressed. Snow crystals there transformed much more slowly and their original shapes remained recognizable for months. The specific surface area of snow layers in both types of snowpacks was also measured. We deduce that acetaldehyde is not adsorbed onto the surface of snow crystals and that most of the acetaldehyde is probably not dissolved in the ice lattice of the snow crystals. We propose that most of the acetaldehyde measured is either trapped or dissolved within organic aerosol particles trapped in snow, or that acetaldehyde is formed by the hydrolysis of organic precursors contained in organic aerosols trapped in the snow, when the snow is melted for analysis. These precursors are probably aldehyde polymers formed within the aerosol particles by Correspondence to: F. Domine (florent@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr) acid catalysis, but might also be biological molecules. In a laboratory experiment, acetaldehyde-di-n-hexyl acetal, representing a potential acetaldehyde precursor, was subjected to our analytical procedure and reacted to form acetaldehyde. This confirms our suggestion that acetaldehyde detected in snow could be produced during the melting of snow for analysis.

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“…Carbonyls are the direct precursors of peroxyacylnitrates and ozone through peroxyradicals (HO 2 and RO 2 ) and RC(O)O 2 generated by the carbonyls photolysis or reaction with OH radicals (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 1986;Lary and Shallcross, 2000). In addition, some carbonyls are irritants of the skin, eyes and nasopharyngeal membranes and toxic to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbonyl compounds in Beijing ambient air

Pang

2006

Atmospheric Environment

146

103

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The levels of carbonyl compounds in Beijing ambient air were measured from November 2004 to October 2005. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were found to be the most abundant carbonyls. The concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone increased to 19.5176.34, 17.1874.57, 22.1475.98 mg m À3 , respectively, in summer from 5.1472.56, 8.6873.48, 9.1873.27 mg m À3 in winter. Carbonyls showed excellent correlations with ozone in summer and significant correlations with CO in winter, which indicated that the sources of carbonyls were dominated by photo-oxidation of VOCs in summer and vehicular exhaust in winter. The photolysis rates of lower carbonyls calculated based on local zenith angle were one magnitude greater in summer than in winter. The distribution frequencies of carbonyls were analyzed from a database including 350 samples. The concentrations of the highest frequency were 9.0-19.0, 5.0-15.0 and 13.0-23.0 mg m À3 for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone, respectively.

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Central role of carbonyl compounds in atmospheric chemistry

Cited by 82 publications

References 45 publications

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Acetaldehyde in the Alaskan subarctic snowpack

Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbonyl compounds in Beijing ambient air

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