Central nervous system damage markers in children: current state of the problem

Abstract

Pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) occupies one of the leading places in the structure of childhood morbidity and mortality. In the modern world the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases is based not only on the a thorough history, identification of certain neurological symptoms during an objective medical examination of the child and data from various neuroimaging methods, but also on the use of laboratory research methods with the identification of specific markers which indicate a pathological process occurring in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. The article presents modern data on the biochemical parameters indicating damage to the nervous tissue, as well as their role in conditions of homeostasis and the prospects for further research. We analyzed the latest domestic and foreign literature on the properties and role of such indicators as neurotrophic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocytic chemotactic protein, trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2, transforming growth factor, fractalkin, a nerve growth factor, which is a promising direction in the study of damage to nerve tissue. We can conclude that а study of the level of these markers will help diagnose the presence of damage to the nerve tissue, its severity, and therefore, select the right individual therapy for each specific child, thereby preventing the development of severe neurological consequences.