Central Determinants of Respiratory Rhythm

Cohen, Marvin

doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.43.030181.000515

Cited by 81 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the nucleus tractus solitarius, an area that showed signs of neuronal degeneration in this study, is associated with cardio-respiratory control (Cohen 1981). It is tempting to speculate that 1080-induced damage to this area may play a role in cardio-respiratory depression frequently associated with late stages of 1080 intoxication.…”

Section: Long-term Effects Of a Near-lethal Dose Of 1080mentioning

confidence: 56%

Acute and long-term effects of exposure to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in sheep

Gooneratne

Eason

Milne

et al. 2008

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Acute and long-term effects of a single, relative lyhigh oral dose (0.25a nd 0.30 mg/kg) of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) on the survival and productivity of sheep were evaluated to establish a better understanding of 1080 poisoning and identify more specific changes diagnostic of toxicosis. In survivors, clinical signs of acute 1080 toxicosis such as salivation and lethar gywere generally very mild. Fasted animals were more prone to 1080 toxicity. In animals that died, more severe signs, including tachypnoea, dyspnoea, and tremors occurred for 15-20 min prior to death. 1080 concentrations were highest in the blood> heart> skeletal muscle> liver. 1080 could not be detected in any of these organs of the animals that survived. Serum citratec oncentratione were elevated for 4 days after dosing. No clinical or biochemical abnormalities were found in any animal after 4 days. Histopathological lesions were most marked in the heart and lung with inflammation, necrosis, and scattered foci of fibrous tissue in the myocardium, pulmonary oedema and inflammation of the lung. No adverse longterm effects on general health or reproductive performance were observed in any sheep that survived the first 4 days following exposure to 1080. The most reliable diagnostic in dicators of 1080 exposure in sheep were measurement of its residues in blood, skeletal muscle and ruminal contents, increased serum citratec oncentratione; l evated heart rate,and characteristic electrocardiograpchh anges(up to 4 days after exposure). Death from 1080 is most likely to occur within 96 h, and animals that survived this period appeared normal.

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Section: Long-term Effects Of a Near-lethal Dose Of 1080mentioning

confidence: 56%

Acute and long-term effects of exposure to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in sheep

Gooneratne

Eason

Milne

et al. 2008

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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“…Moreover, microinjection of muscimol into the DRG reduced the slope of the ramplike increase in PNA, whereas simple interruption of the Hering-Breuer reflex by withholding lung inflation does not (20,22,29). The differences between chemical inactivation of the DRG and interruption of vagal lung inflation afferent input to DRG neurons likely reflects the fact that there are multiple mechanisms within this region that act to terminate inspiration (19,28). For example, late-inspiratory DRG neurons that are thought to play a role in terminating inspiration are driven by inputs from the respiratory oscillator as well as vagal lung inflation afferents (19,20,28).…”

Section: Did Muscimol Act Within the Ltf Or Spread To Other Medullarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We determined if the increases in central respiratory rate produced by microinjection of muscimol into the LTF could be explained by spread of the injectate to adjacent medullary regions with known respiratory functions, i.e., the VRG and DRG (16,19,28,29,47,48). We also determined the effects of chemical inactivation of these regions on the relationship of ITP to SND and PNA in these cats.…”

Section: Effects Of Microinjection Of Muscimol Into the Vicinity Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences between chemical inactivation of the DRG and interruption of vagal lung inflation afferent input to DRG neurons likely reflects the fact that there are multiple mechanisms within this region that act to terminate inspiration (19,28). For example, late-inspiratory DRG neurons that are thought to play a role in terminating inspiration are driven by inputs from the respiratory oscillator as well as vagal lung inflation afferents (19,20,28). In further support of a role of the DRG in controlling I-duration independent of vagal afferent input is the finding by Berger et al (14) that blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the DRG reduced respiratory rate and prolonged I-duration in both vagus intact and vagotomized cats.…”

Section: Did Muscimol Act Within the Ltf Or Spread To Other Medullarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

Phillips¹,

Gebber²,

Barman³

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Phillips, Shaun W., Gerard L. Gebber, and Susan M. Barman. Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R1396 -R1410, 2005. First published December 16, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00632.2004.-We used spectral analysis and event-triggered averaging to determine the effects of chemical inactivation of the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) on 1) the relationship of intratracheal pressure (ITP, an index of vagal lung inflation afferent activity) to sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and 2) central respiratory rate in paralyzed, artificially ventilated dial-urethane-anesthetized cats. ITP-SND coherence value at the frequency of artificial ventilation was significantly (P Ͻ 0.05; n ϭ 18) reduced from 0.73 Ϯ 0.04 (mean Ϯ SE) to 0.24 Ϯ 0.04 after bilateral microinjection of muscimol into the LTF. Central respiratory rate was unexpectedly increased in 12 of these experiments (0.28 Ϯ 0.03 vs. 0.95 Ϯ 0.25 Hz). The ITP-PNA coherence value was variably affected by chemical inactivation of the LTF. It was unchanged when central respiratory rate was also not altered, decreased when respiratory rate was increased above the rate of artificial ventilation, and increased when respiratory rate was raised from a value below the rate of artificial ventilation to the same frequency as the ventilator. Chemical inactivation of the LTF increased central respiratory rate in four of six vagotomized cats but did not significantly affect the PNA-SND coherence value. These data demonstrate that the LTF 1) plays a critical role in mediating the effects of vagal lung inflation afferents on SND but not PNA, 2) helps maintain central respiratory rate in the physiological range, but 3) is not involved in the coupling of central respiratory and sympathetic circuits. cardiorespiratory synchronization; dorsal respiratory group; HeringBreuer reflex; phrenic nerve activity; respiratory-related rhythm; ventral respiratory group IT HAS LONG BEEN RECOGNIZED that neural mechanisms controlling the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are tightly linked (25,34,38,49,55). This interaction facilitates the complementary functions of the two systems: respiration maintains appropriate levels of arterial blood gases, while the cardiovascular system transports these gases to and from tissues. One indication of this cardiorespiratory coordination was noted by Adrian et al. (1) in 1932 when they made the first recordings of sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). They found that the amplitude of the cardiac-related bursts of SND waxed and waned on the time scale of the respiratory cycle. There are at least two sources of respiratory modulation of SND: input from vagal lung inflation afferents and an influence of the respiratory rhythm generator on central sympathetic neurons (4 -6, 21, 25, 33-35, 59). Although some investigators (38, 49) have proposed that there is a common network controlling bo...

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“…For instance, Cohen (1981) identified the bulbopontine reticular formation as containing respiratory-related neurons. He cited experimental evidence that these neurons produce facilitatory effects on the primary respiratory rhythm generator.…”

Section: Changes In Brain Stem Influences On Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation during sleep onset

Colrain

Trinder

Fraser

et al. 1987

Journal of Applied Physiology

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There is now considerable evidence which indicates that respiratory activity is different during sleep compared with wakefulness. However, there has been little work on respiratory changes during the transitional period from wakefulness to sleep. The present study was concerned with the quantitative and temporal properties of ventilation during sleep onset. Sleep onsets were studied in five young male adults in a series of single-subject designs in which sleep onsets were replications. The results indicated that during sleep onset the loss of alpha-activity in the electroencephalogram was associated with a substantial, rapid, and highly predictable reduction in ventilation. The change in ventilation was typically due to a reduction in tidal volume and was, in part, secondary to a reduction in metabolic rate. We speculate that the nonmetabolic component may reflect the loss of waking neural drive to respiration, though the present study did not eliminate a variety of other interpretations.

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Central Determinants of Respiratory Rhythm

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Acute and long-term effects of exposure to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in sheep

Acute and long-term effects of exposure to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in sheep

Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

Ventilation during sleep onset

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