Central Control Mechanisms of Circulation in the Medulla Oblongata by Nitric Oxide.

Maeda, Masanobu; Inoue, Masaiwa; Takao, Seiji; Nakai, Masatsugu

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.49.467

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…It was shown that it takes part in many processes in the central nervous system like synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Krushkov et al 1996), claustral functioning (Hinova-Palova et al 1997), eye movements (Moreno-Lopez et al 1996, thalamic functioning (Krushkov et al 1996), blood pressure control (Maeda et al 1999), inferior colliculus functioning , vestibular complex functioning (Papantchev et al, , 2006 and so forth. NO is synthesized by the enzyme Nitric oxide synthase (NOS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat claustrum—a light and electron microscopic study

Hinova-Palova

Edelstein²,

Paloff

et al. 2008

J Mol Hist

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Nitric oxide is a unique neurotransmitter, which participates in many physiological and pathological processes in the organism. Nevertheless there are little data about the neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase immunoreactive (nNOS-ir) neurons and fibers in the dorsal claustrum (DC) of a cat. In this respect the aims of this study were: (1) to demonstrate nNOS-ir in the neurons and fibers of the DC; (2) to describe their light microscopic morphology and distribution; (3) to investigate and analyze the ultrastructure of the nNOS-ir neurons, fibers and synaptic terminals; (4) to verify whether the nNOS-ir neurons consist a specific subpopulation of claustral neurons; (5) to verify whether the nNOS-ir neurons have a specific pattern of organization throughout the DC. For demonstration of the nNOS-ir the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex method was applied. Immunopositive for nNOS neurons and fibers were present in all parts of DC. On the light microscope level nNOS-ir neurons were different in shape and size. According to the latter they were divided into three groups-small (with diameter under 15 microm), medium-sized (with diameter from 16 to 20 microm) and large (with diameter over 21 microm). Some of nNOS-ir neurons were lightly-stained while others were darkly-stained. On the electron microscope level the immunoproduct was observed in neurons, dendrites and terminal boutons. Different types of nNOS-ir neurons differ according to their ultrastructural features. Three types of nNOS-ir synaptic boutons were found. As a conclusion we hope that the present study will contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the DC in cat and that some of the data presented could be extrapolated to other mammals, including human.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat claustrum—a light and electron microscopic study

Hinova-Palova

Edelstein²,

Paloff

et al. 2008

J Mol Hist

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“…Biotechnol. Biochem., 72 (9), [2476][2477][2478][2479][2480]2008 Communication Dawley rats (250-300 g) were group-housed (three per cage) and acclimatized under laboratory conditions (temperature, [22][23][24] C; humidity, 60 AE 10%; fixed light-dark cycle, lights on 0800 to 2000 H) for 10 d prior to the feeding experiment. Food (MF, Oriental Yeast Company, Tokyo) and water were given ad libitium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, forced swimming, hemorrhage, and restraint stress activate both A1 and A2, 20) whereas conditioned fear/emotional stress and cholecystokinin, an aversive agent, preferentially activate A2. 21) Nevertheless, modest caudal activation of VLM is associated with a rise in blood pressure, 22) due to the stress experienced by the rats during handling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extract fromAcanthopanax senticosusHarms (Siberian Ginseng) Activates NTS and SON/PVN in the Rat Brain

Soya

Deocaris

Yamaguchi

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat vestibular complex: a light and electron microscopic study

et al. 2006

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Nitric oxide is a unique neurotransmitter, which participates in many physiological and pathological processes in the organism. Nevertheless, there are little data about the neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (nNOS-ir) in the vestibular complex of a cat. In this respect, the aims of this study were to: (1) demonstrate nNOS-ir in the neurons and fibers, from all major and accessory vestibular nuclei; (2) describe their light microscopic morphology and distribution; (3) investigate and analyze the ultrastructure of the NOS I-immunopositive neurons, fibers, and synaptic boutons. For demonstration of the nNOS-ir, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase-diaminobenzidin method was applied. Immunopositive for nNOS neurons and fibers were present in all major and accessory vestibular nuclei. On the light microscope level, the immunopositive neurons were different in shape and size. According to the latter, they were divided into four groups--small (with diameter less than 15 microm), medium-sized (with diameter from 15 to 30 microm), large type I (with diameter from 30 to 40 microm), and large type II (with diameter greater than 40 microm). On the electron microscope level, the immunoproduct was observed in neurons, dendrites, and terminal boutons. According to the ultrastructural features, the neurons were divided into three groups--small (with diameter less than 15 microm), medium-sized (with diameter from 15 to 30 microm), and large (with diameter greater than 30 microm). At least two types of nNOS-ir synaptic boutons were easily distinguished. As a conclusion, we hope that this study will contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the vestibular complex in cat and that some of the data presented could be extrapolated to other mammals, including human.

show abstract

Central Control Mechanisms of Circulation in the Medulla Oblongata by Nitric Oxide.

Cited by 10 publications

References 107 publications

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat claustrum—a light and electron microscopic study

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat claustrum—a light and electron microscopic study

Extract fromAcanthopanax senticosusHarms (Siberian Ginseng) Activates NTS and SON/PVN in the Rat Brain

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat vestibular complex: a light and electron microscopic study

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