Central composite design on the volume of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V and Cu

Abstract

The laser technology process is a pulsating practice in the field of engineering and in all paces of lifespan; since it can travel a longer distance and be focused on a very small bright spot that exceeds the illumination of the sun. This present study reports on the modeling and the prediction of the volume of laser-deposited composites using the central composite design (CCD). Four input factors were put into consideration, which is the laser power, the scanning speed, the powder flow rate and the gas flow rate. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and copper (Cu) powders were coaxially deposited to form the bulk of a single clad. The factors considered determine the energy density and the melt pool delivered into the substrate and as such, influence the volume of the deposited composite (VDC) that was employed in the response surface methodology (RSM) design. This has been used to predict the actual process parameters for the optimum process setting. Keywords: laser metal deposition, response surface methodology, central composite design, volume of deposited composite Postopek laserske tehnologije se uporablja na podro~ju tehnike in na vseh korakih`ivljenjske dobe materialov; saj lahko premaguje velike razdalje in je v obliki zelo majhne svelte to~ke, ki presega sevanje sonca. [tudija predstavlja modeliranje in napovedovanje koli~ine lasersko nane{enega kompozita, z uporabo centralnega na~rtovanja kompozita (angl. CCD). Obravnavani so bili {tirje vplivni dejavniki: mo~laserja, hitrost skeniranja, hitrost toka prahu in hitrost toka plina. Titanova zlitina (Ti6Al4V) in baker (Cu) sta bila koaksialno nane{ena in sta tvorila enoten nanos. Obravnavani dejavniki so dolo~ali gostoto energije in obseg taline nane{ene na podlago in kot taki vplivali na volumen nane{enega kompozita (angl. VDC), ki je bil uporabljen pri na~rtovanju metodologije odgovora povr{ine (angl. RSM). To je bilo uporabljeno za napovedovanje dejanskih procesnih parametrov pri optimiranju nastavitev procesa. Klju~ne besede: nana{anje kovine z laserjem, metodologija odgovora povr{ine, centralno na~rtovanje kompozita, volumen nane{enega kompozita

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Optimizing the Processing Parameters of 316L SS in Directed Energy Deposition

“…In the DED process, various parameters directly affect the microstructure, physical, and mechanical properties of the deposited material [43,44]. In this study, laser power, LSS, and PMFR were selected as the dominant processing parameters based on prior experience and relevant literature [6,20,43]. Both single-layer and cubic (10 × 10 × 10 mm 3 ) coupons were manufactured according to the CCD matrix (see Table 3).…”

“…Among various metal DED processes, powder-based feedstock with a laser beam as the energy source is the most extensively used process. In this process, two fundamental factors significantly impact the quality of the components: the energy delivered per second per unit area and the powder feed rate per second per unit area [6]. These factors are significantly influenced by the laser power, laser scan speed (LSS), and powder mass flow rate (PMFR).…”

“…CCD is a widely used DOE approach. It falls under the category of response surface methodology (RSM), wherein a second-order polynomial equation is fitted to the experimental data derived from the design matrix [6]. RSM is a statistical method for developing mathematical models that describe the relationship between process parameters and the responses of interest [38].…”