Central Clock Regulates the Cervically Stimulated Prolactin Surges by Modulation of Dopamine and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Release in Ovariectomized Rats

Poletini, Maristela O.; Kennett, Jessica E.; McKee, De’Nise T.; Freeman, Marc E.

doi:10.1159/000254379

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The SCN is also known to regulate PRL release and, thus, supports luteal maintenance of pregnancy (31,32). Infertility in Bmal1 −/− females has been attributed to many factors, including gonadotropin hormone release, oocyte production, corpus luteum growth and development, impaired steroidogenesis at undefined sites, and defects in embryo development and implantation (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of BMAL1 in ovarian steroidogenic cells results in implantation failure in female mice

Liu

Johnson

Shen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The circadian clock plays a significant role in many aspects of female reproductive biology, including estrous cycling, ovulation, embryonic implantation, onset of puberty, and parturition. In an effort to link cell-specific circadian clocks to their specific roles in female reproduction, we used the promoter that controls expression of Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF1) to drive Cre-recombinase-mediated deletion of the brain muscle arnt-like 1 (Bmal1) gene, known to encode an essential component of the circadian clock (SF1-Bmal1−/− females display embryonic implantation failure, which is rescued by progesterone supplementation, or bilateral or unilateral transplantation of wild-type ovaries into SF1-Bmal1 −/− dams. The observation that the central clock, and many other peripheral clocks, are fully functional in this model allows the assignment of the implantation phenotype to the clock in ovarian steroidogenic cells and distinguishes it from more general circadian related systemic pathology (e.g., early onset arthropathy, premature aging, ovulation, late onset of puberty, and abnormal estrous cycle). Our ovarian transcriptome analysis reveals that deletion of ovarian Bmal1 disrupts expression of transcripts associated with the circadian machinery and also genes critical for regulation of progesterone production, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory factor (Star). Overall, these data provide a powerful model to probe the interlocking and synergistic network of the circadian clock and reproductive systems.ovary | circadian rhythm | fertility | steroidogenesis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of BMAL1 in ovarian steroidogenic cells results in implantation failure in female mice

Liu

Johnson

Shen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These events serve to transform a non-pregnant hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian condition into one that can maintain pseudopregancy or pregnancy until the corpus luteum becomes functional. The daily prolactin peaks require the presence of a functional SCN and which synchronizes their phase to the prevailing photoperiod (Poletini, et al, 2010). …”

Section: Scn Terminal Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomy of the extended circadian rhythm system

Morin

2013

Experimental Neurology

249

206

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), site of the primary clock in the circadian rhythm system, has three major afferent connections. The most important consists of a retinohypothalamic projection through which photic information, received by classical rod/cone photoreceptors and intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells, gains access to the clock. This information influences phase and period of circadian rhythms. The two other robust afferent projections are the median raphe serotonergic pathway and the geniculohypothalamic (GHT), NPY-containing pathway from the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). Beyond this simple framework, the number of anatomical routes that could theoretically be involved in rhythm regulation is enormous, with the SCN projecting to 15 regions and being directly innervated by about 35. If multisynaptic afferents to the SCN are included, the number expands to approximately brain 85 areas providing input to the SCN. The IGL, a known contributor to circadian rhythm regulation, has a still greater level of complexity. This nucleus connects abundantly throughout the brain (to approximately 100 regions) by pathways that are largely bilateral and reciprocal. Few of these sites have been evaluated for their contributions to circadian rhythm regulation, although most have a theoretical possibility of doing so via the GHT. The anatomy of IGL connections suggests that one of its functions may be regulation of eye movements during sleep. Together, neural circuits of the SCN and IGL are complex and interconnected. As yet, few have been tested with respect to their involvement in rhythm regulation.

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“…THDA neurons arise from the rostral arcuate nucleus, and their axons terminate on short portal vessels in the neural lobe and intermediate lobe of pituitary. PHDA neurons arise from the periventricular nucleus, and their axons terminate exclusively on short portal vessels in the intermediate lobe (Poletini et al, 2010).…”

Section: Factors Inhibiting Prolactin Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A definite increase in PRL secretion occurs following lactotrophs escape from the inhibitory hypothalamic dopaminer-gic tone. Once PRL has been secreted, it feeds back on the hypothalamus to stimulate the synthesis and turnover of DA, as well as to promote the release of DA into pituitary portal blood (Poletini et al, 2010). The action of DA on the PRL secretion is timedependent.…”

Section: Factors Inhibiting Prolactin Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%