Central Carbohydrate Pathways: Metabolic Flexibility and the Extra Role of Some “Housekeeping” Enzymes

Pollack, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1007/0-306-47606-1_8

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Most of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is present except for the reaction normally carried out by transaldolase. This is similar to the situation in M. mycoides and other mycoplasmas, and presumably this function is carried out by an as-yet-unrecognized protein (Pollack 2002;Westberg et al 2004). No portion of the citric acid cycle is present in M. mobile.…”

Section: Functional Analysis and Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Glycerol should also be able to be used as an energy source, but no specific transporter for glycerol was found. The presence of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (manA) suggests that mannose may also be metabolized, as is suggested elsewhere (Pollack 2002). As is common to other mycoplasmas, M. mobile should be able to produce and use glycogen and starches.…”

Section: Functional Analysis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As with other mycoplasmas, de novo amino acid and nucleotide synthesis is lacking in M. mobile (Pollack 2002). It is presumed that amino acids are obtained by ABC-type oligopeptide transporters followed by proteolytic degradation of the peptides.…”

Section: Functional Analysis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Complete Genome and Proteome of Mycoplasma mobile

Jaffe

Stange-Thomann²,

Smith³

et al. 2004

Genome Res.

226

183

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Although often considered “minimal” organisms, mycoplasmas show a wide range of diversity with respect to host environment, phenotypic traits, and pathogenicity. Here we report the complete genomic sequence and proteogenomic map for the piscine mycoplasma Mycoplasma mobile, noted for its robust gliding motility. For the first time, proteomic data are used in the primary annotation of a new genome, providing validation of expression for many of the predicted proteins. Several novel features were discovered including a long repeating unit of DNA of ∼2435 bp present in five complete copies that are shown to code for nearly identical yet uniquely expressed proteins. M. mobile has among the lowest DNA GC contents (24.9%) and most reduced set of tRNAs of any organism yet reported (28). Numerous instances of tandem duplication as well as lateral gene transfer are evident in the genome. The multiple available complete genome sequences for other motile and immotile mycoplasmas enabled us to use comparative genomic and phylogenetic methods to suggest several candidate genes that might be involved in motility. The results of these analyses leave open the possibility that gliding motility might have arisen independently more than once in the mycoplasma lineage

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Section: Functional Analysis and Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Functional Analysis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The Complete Genome and Proteome of Mycoplasma mobile

Jaffe

Stange-Thomann²,

Smith³

et al. 2004

Genome Res.

226

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sugars are supposed to be imported by a yet unknown mechanism [7,8]. However, unlike in other mycoplasmas [33], the central (triose) portion of glycolysis is completely missing in strain AT. Also, alternative energy-yielding pathways present in other mycoplasmas, in which amino acids (mainly arginine), glycerol, fatty acids, or urea are catabolized [33,56], were not identified in strain AT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The linear chromosome of the plant-pathogenic mycoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'

et al. 2008

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Background: Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted, uncultivable bacterial plant pathogens that cause diseases in hundreds of economically important plants. They represent a monophyletic group within the class Mollicutes (trivial name mycoplasmas) and are characterized by a small genome with a low GC content, and the lack of a firm cell wall. All mycoplasmas, including strains of 'Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma asteris' and 'Ca. P. australiense', examined so far have circular chromosomes, as is the case for almost all walled bacteria.

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“…T HE WALL-LESS Mollicutes, like spirochetes, Thermotoga and Pyrococcus, lack cytochrome pigments and the citric acid cycle (Tatusov et al, 2001, Pollack, 2002aCOG Database [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/COG/]). It is assumed that the Mollicutes survive by relying heavily on substrate phosphorylation associated with glycolytic kinases, for example, pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), on salvage and/or synthesis of essential purine and pyrimidine ribo-and deoxyribo-NTPs, and on the activities of their guanylate, adenylate, and nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK; Pollack et al, 1997Pollack et al, , 2002b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected Utility of Enzymes with Multiple Activities in the Small GenomeMycoplasmaSpecies: The Replacement of the Missing "Household" Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Gene and Activity by Glycolytic Kinases

Pollack

Myers

Dandekar

et al. 2002

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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The small genome Mollicutes whose DNAs are completely sequenced (Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pulmonis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum [parvum]) lack a gene (ndk) for the presumably essential nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). We hypothesized that other activities might replace NDPK activity. We found in M. genitalium G37(T), Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH(T), Mycoplasma fermentans PG18(T), and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum Kid(T) that their 6-phosphofructokinases (6-PFKs), phosphoglycerate kinases (PGKs), pyruvate kinases (PKs), and acetate kinases (AKs), besides reactant ADP/ATP, could use other ribo- and deoxyribo-purine and pyrimidine NDPs and NTPs. These activities could compensate for the absence of an orthologous ndk gene in the Mycoplasmataceae. They suggest a metabolically varied and consequential role for unrelated and perhaps unsuspected "replacement" or compensatory enzymes that may confound metabolic prediction. We partially purified and biochemically characterized the PKs, 6-PFKs, PGKs, and AKs from M. capricolum subsp. capricolum Kid(T) and M. fermentans PG18(T).

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Central Carbohydrate Pathways: Metabolic Flexibility and the Extra Role of Some “Housekeeping” Enzymes

Cited by 17 publications

References 138 publications

The Complete Genome and Proteome of Mycoplasma mobile

The Complete Genome and Proteome of Mycoplasma mobile

The linear chromosome of the plant-pathogenic mycoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'

Suspected Utility of Enzymes with Multiple Activities in the Small GenomeMycoplasmaSpecies: The Replacement of the Missing "Household" Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Gene and Activity by Glycolytic Kinases

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