Cement Sheath Integrity for CO2 Storage – An Integrated Perspective

Bois, Axel-Pierre; Vu, Minh‐Ngoc; Ghabezloo, Siavash; Sulem, Jean; Garnier, André; Laudet, Jean-Benoît

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.485

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It should further be noted that change in cement mechanical properties can have other impacts in the well's ability to retain its integrity when subjected to stresses. 22 Wolterbeek et al 23 showed that carbonation of cement increased its frictional strength in their experiments. However, Fabbri et al 24 showed that under certain conditions carbonation can affect the mechanical properties of cement in ways that can result in damage.…”

Section: ■ Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Permeability reduction due to swelling of the reacted cement is also not considered here. It should further be noted that change in cement mechanical properties can have other impacts in the well’s ability to retain its integrity when subjected to stresses . Wolterbeek et al showed that carbonation of cement increased its frictional strength in their experiments.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO₂ Storage Sites

Iyer

Chen

Carroll

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The perceived risk of CO2 leakage through wells has been considered a potential limitation to commercial scale deployment of geologic CO2 storage. However, chemical and mechanical alteration of cement can reduce the permeability of leakage pathways. We conducted 100s of simulations spanning realistic operating conditions and well-damage characteristics to understand (1) under what conditions and time frames do fractures seal and (2) for fractures that do not seal, how quickly and to what extent is the permeability reduced. For the conditions simulated, fractures with apertures in the tens of microns seal while those greater than hundreds of microns may exhibit long-term leakage. Fractures with apertures between 10 and 500 μm took a few days to a couple of years to seal. For non-sealing fractures mechanical deformation of altered asperities can rapidly reduce permeability. A sealing criterion was developed to relate fracture aperture with the cemented length required for self-sealing. Longer cemented intervals can seal large fractures; however, they take longer to seal and leak larger volumes before sealing. While the results presented here are subject to uncertainties, the manuscript provides a framework in which a model can be used to quantitatively answer questions regarding well integrity to facilitate decision making.

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Section: ■ Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO₂ Storage Sites

Iyer

Chen

Carroll

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Limited studies (Krilov et al, 2000;Bois et al, 2013) have been conducted on cement degradation due to carbonic acid attack under HPHT conditions. In geothermal wells, for instance, temperature and pressure could be as high as 260°C…”

Section: C-s-h (I) C-s-h (Ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating temperature effect on degradation of well cement in HPHT carbonic acid environment

Omosebi

Maheshwari

Ahmed

et al. 2015

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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“…11,63 The latter entails a complex interplay between the chemical interactions of the cement with CO 2 -rich fluid, the effect this may have on its mechanical behavior, the state of stress acting on the cement in response to injection of a high-pressure fluid, and (most importantly) how all these factors affect the transport properties of the cement. Under in situ conditions, lab 63,64 and field 65,66 studies suggest that CO 2 penetration, and hence induced reaction, will be limited unless the CO 2 has a way to penetrate the cement along significant portions of the wellbore through either cracks or microannuli. If this is the case, chemical zonation by CO 2 exposure within the cement itself may affect its mechanical behavior and strength, as is also demonstrated in the present study.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Whether failure or yield is obtained depends strongly on the initial state of stress in the cement sheath, as it determines how far the cement is from the failure envelope. 41,42,63,67 Even though the initial state of stress in wellbore cement is difficult to determine, 67 brittle shear failure seems to be most likely under high τ m and low σ m stress conditions (see Figure S1). Since brittle failure is often associated with dilation, this may lead to the formation of permeable pathways depending on the self-healing capability of the cement.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO₂-Exposed Wellbore Cement

Hangx

Linden

Marcelis

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To predict the behavior of the cement sheath after CO2 injection and the potential for leakage pathways, it is key to understand how the mechanical properties of the cement evolves with CO2 exposure time. We performed scratch-hardness tests on hardened samples of class G cement before and after CO2 exposure. The cement was exposed to CO2-rich fluid for one to six months at 65 °C and 8 MPa Ptotal. Detailed SEM-EDX analyses showed reaction zones similar to those previously reported in the literature: (1) an outer-reacted, porous silica-rich zone; (2) a dense, carbonated zone; and (3) a more porous, Ca-depleted inner zone. The quantitative mechanical data (brittle compressive strength and friction coefficient) obtained for each of the zones suggest that the heterogeneity of reacted cement leads to a wide range of brittle strength values in any of the reaction zones, with only a rough dependence on exposure time. However, the data can be used to guide numerical modeling efforts needed to assess the impact of reaction-induced mechanical failure of wellbore cement by coupling sensitivity analysis and mechanical predictions.

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Cement Sheath Integrity for CO2 Storage – An Integrated Perspective

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO₂ Storage Sites

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO₂ Storage Sites

Investigating temperature effect on degradation of well cement in HPHT carbonic acid environment

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO₂-Exposed Wellbore Cement

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Cement Sheath Integrity for CO2 Storage – An Integrated Perspective

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO2 Storage Sites

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO2 Storage Sites

Investigating temperature effect on degradation of well cement in HPHT carbonic acid environment

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO2-Exposed Wellbore Cement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO₂ Storage Sites

Impact of Chemical and Mechanical Processes on Leakage from Damaged Wells in CO₂ Storage Sites

Defining the Brittle Failure Envelopes of Individual Reaction Zones Observed in CO₂-Exposed Wellbore Cement