Cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE): A simple and affordable microextraction method for analysis of basic drugs in blood as a proof of concept

Jain, B.D.; Jain, Rajeev; Jha, Rakesh Roshan; Ghosh, Abhishek; Basu, Debasish; Abourehab, Mohammad A. S.; Bajaj, Atul; Chauhan, Vimukti; Kaur, Sarvjeet; Sharma, Shweta

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123551

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…From the perspective of GAC, evaluating the environmental friendliness of analytical techniques is essential. Since many different parameters are associated with analytical methodologies, it was essential to establish precise metric systems to measure each variable that might pose a risk in terms of its ecological impact on the environment and human safety [ 47 , 48 ]. There are a number of tools that can be helpful for the evaluation of greenness; however, the most well-known ones are the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical Eco-Scale, and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metrics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Instrumental Green Analytical Method Based on Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–Thin-Layer Chromatography–Smartphone-Based Digital Image Colorimetry(SA-DLLME-TLC-SDIC) for Determining Favipiravir in Biological Samples

Jain

Jaiswal

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Favipiravir (FAV) has become a promising antiviral agent for the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, a green, fast, high-sample-throughput, non-instrumental, and affordable analytical method is proposed based on surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) combined with thin-layer chromatography–digital image colourimetry (TLC-DIC) for determining favipiravir in biological and pharmaceutical samples. Triton X-100 and dichloromethane (DCM) were used as the disperser and extraction solvents, respectively. The extract obtained after DLLME procedure was spotted on a TLC plate and allowed to develop with a mobile phase of chloroform:methanol (8:2, v/v). The developed plate was photographed using a smartphone under UV irradiation at 254 nm. The quantification of FAV was performed by analysing the digital images’ spots with open-source ImageJ software. Multivariate optimisation using Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) was performed for the screening and optimisation of significant factors. Under the optimised conditions, the method was found to be linear, ranging from 5 to 100 µg/spot, with a correlation coefficient (R2) ranging from 0.991 to 0.994. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were in the ranges of 1.2–1.5 µg/spot and 3.96–4.29 µg/spot, respectively. The developed approach was successfully applied for the determination of FAV in biological (i.e., human urine and plasma) and pharmaceutical samples. The results obtained using the proposed methodology were compared to those obtained using HPLC-UV analysis and found to be in close agreement with one another. Additionally, the green character of the developed method with previously reported protocols was evaluated using the ComplexGAPI, AGREE, and Eco-Scale greenness assessment tools. The proposed method is green in nature and does not require any sophisticated high-end analytical instruments, and it can therefore be routinely applied for the analysis of FAV in various resource-limited laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Instrumental Green Analytical Method Based on Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–Thin-Layer Chromatography–Smartphone-Based Digital Image Colorimetry(SA-DLLME-TLC-SDIC) for Determining Favipiravir in Biological Samples

Jain

Jaiswal

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…The ComplexGAPI index was utilised to assess the green character of the proposed method. It was chosen since it enables for the evaluation of the analytical technique in view of its environmental affability [ 37 , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] ]. Herein, each arm of the hexagon in the GAPI pictogram corresponds to a distinct part of the process that is being described.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabric phase sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of favipiravir in biological and forensic samples

Jain

Kabir

et al. 2023

Advances in Sample Preparation

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“…Starting with the initial phase of the MIP synthesis to the final evaluation of the analytes, the proposed method was assessed for its greenness with the help of ComplexGAPI. [50][51][52] The GAPI software was used to enter the values in different parameters to obtain a pictogram, as shown in Fig. 7, which is composed of five pentagrams at the top with one hexagonal field at the bottom.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Greenness Of The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly imprinted polymer-based dispersive solid-phase extraction for the selective determination of carisoprodol in biological and pharmaceutical samples

et al. 2023

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Cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE): A simple and affordable microextraction method for analysis of basic drugs in blood as a proof of concept

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

A Non-Instrumental Green Analytical Method Based on Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–Thin-Layer Chromatography–Smartphone-Based Digital Image Colorimetry(SA-DLLME-TLC-SDIC) for Determining Favipiravir in Biological Samples

A Non-Instrumental Green Analytical Method Based on Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–Thin-Layer Chromatography–Smartphone-Based Digital Image Colorimetry(SA-DLLME-TLC-SDIC) for Determining Favipiravir in Biological Samples

Fabric phase sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of favipiravir in biological and forensic samples

Molecularly imprinted polymer-based dispersive solid-phase extraction for the selective determination of carisoprodol in biological and pharmaceutical samples

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