Diatom test is an important tool in diagnosis death in drowning cases. As the typical features of ante-mortem drowning disappeared very rapidly with commencement of putrefaction and hence diatom test plays an important role for diagnosis and confirmation of drowning deaths. Diatoms have number of characteristic like their widespread presence in water, high diversity in species, habitat specificity and have a good potential for preservation and thus this group can be used in forensic geosciences for criminal investigations. Extraction and identification of diatoms present in the tissue samples can be used as supportive evidence in drowning and also for site specific diatoms. Temperature and pH variations also play important role in the distribution of diatoms in a particular location. Diatoms species detection in both water and tissue samples gave a reliability of the diatom test in solving cases pertaining to drowning deaths. Hence the possible means and methods must be practiced on a regular basis by the forensic examiner as well practitioners so that new possibilities must always be explored for extraction and identification of diatoms in near future. This paper reviews the recent year's progress on diatom test and its application in forensic science.
Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management has, of late, emerged as an important health as well as environmental concern. It is imperative upon all the health facilities, irrespective of their size and number of patients catered, to ensure appropriate BMW management at all levels starting from its generation to its final disposal. The study intended to assess the management of BMW generated in one health facility of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted w.e.f. 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. The BMW generated in the Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh (SMGS) hospital-a health facility of government medical college (GMC) Jammu was collected at a designated place after its segregation. Then it was weighed before its transportation and final disposal. The BMW was weighed to generate monthly rates which were then converted to daily rates. Finally, BMW generation per bed per day was calculated.Results: It was found that BMW generated per bed per day was 0.197 kg. Infectious waste comprised 15% of the total whereas non-infectious component was 85%. The color-coded bags collection rate per day was 48.8 kg, 28.4 kg, 17.02 kg and 7.75 kg for yellow, red, blue and white containers, respectively.Conclusions: The authors found that the health facility was adhering to guidelines of BMW management. The need for continuous education and awareness promotion about BMW management among sanitation workers, nurses, technicians and doctors cannot be underestimated.
Carisoprodol (CSP) is one of the most common antispasmodic drugs used to reduce muscle spasms and is abused for its mind-altering effects. Its abuse has another major concern of increased...
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