Cellulose nanocrystals from grape pomace: Production, properties and cytotoxicity assessment

Biopolymers have been used as a replacement material for synthetic polymers in scaffold forming due to its biocompatibility and nontoxic properties. Production of scaffold for tissue repair is a major part of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering techniques for scaffold forming with cellulose-based material is at the forefront of present-day research. Micro- and nanocellulose-based materials are at the forefront of scientific development in the areas of biomedical engineering. Cellulose in scaffold forming has attracted a lot of attention because of its availability and toxicity properties. The discovery of nanocellulose has further improved the usability of cellulose as a reinforcement in biopolymers intended for scaffold fabrication. Its unique physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties offer some important advantages over synthetic polymer materials. This review presents a critical overview of micro- and nanoscale cellulose-based materials used for scaffold preparation. It also analyses the relationship between the method of fabrication and properties of the fabricated scaffold. The review concludes with future potential research on cellulose micro- and nano-based scaffolds. The review provides an up-to-date summary of the status and future prospective applications of micro- and nanocellulose-based scaffolds for tissue engineering.

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“…No sign for cytotoxicity was observed. [181] Cellulose nanocrystal/silver nanorod In vitro cytotoxicity of against multiple eukaryotic cells.…”

Section: Significantly Induced Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Micro- to Nanocellulose Biopolymer Scaffold Forming for Tissue Engineering Applications

et al. 2020

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“…According to Markets and Markets, the nanocellulose market is forecasted to achieve USD 783 Million by 2025. The rising demand and the employment of new applications have driven the researchers and the industry to exploit even more the employment of nanocellulose (Coelho et al, 2018). In addition, the number of papers is increasing year after year, reflecting the high concern in this type of nanomaterial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations via chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.

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“…One of the sources of natural nanofibers is cellulose, in which the chemical treatment and/or mechanical deconstruction can be applied, to obtain cellulose fibers in nanoscale. Mechanical treatments include homogenization, high-pressure microfluidization, mechanical deconstruction in a blender, and ultrasonication (Coelho et al 2018;Lavoine et al 2012). Chemical treatments, such as N-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, and/or enzymatic treatment usually precedes mechanical deconstruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial cellulose nanofiber-based films incorporating gelatin hydrolysate from tilapia skin: production, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment

et al. 2018

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In this work, films based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) incorporating gelatin hydrolysate (GH) from tilapia skin were produced. The effect of plasticizer (sorbitol or glycerol) and GH incorporation was evaluated on the physical-chemical and optical properties of films. BCNFs were produced using bacterial cellulose obtained from Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium (BCNF-HS) or cashew apple juice (BCNF-CM), which was studied as an alternative to HS. Films with sorbitol showed the best properties and were selected for further characterization, using 40% (w/w) of BCNF-HS, 40% (w/w) of GH and 20% (w/w) of sorbitol (BCNF-HS-S-GH films). These films exhibited an antioxidant activity of 7.8 lmols Trolox Eq/g film, a water vapor permeability (WVP) of 1.6 g.mm/kPa.h.m 2 and an Young's modulus of 0.57 GPa. Films produced with BCNFs obtained from cashew apple juice revealed enhanced tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability. Caco-2 cells' viability after incubation with BCNF-based films incorporating GH was evaluated and showed non-cytotoxicity, reinforcing the safety of the developed materials and their potential use in food applications.

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Cellulose nanocrystals from grape pomace: Production, properties and cytotoxicity assessment

Cited by 119 publications

References 54 publications

A Review on Micro- to Nanocellulose Biopolymer Scaffold Forming for Tissue Engineering Applications

A Review on Micro- to Nanocellulose Biopolymer Scaffold Forming for Tissue Engineering Applications

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Bacterial cellulose nanofiber-based films incorporating gelatin hydrolysate from tilapia skin: production, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment

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