Cellulose graft copolymers. I. Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cellulose from methanol–water systems

Nakamura, Yoshio; Hinojosa, Oscar; Arthur, Jett C.

doi:10.1002/app.1969.070131210

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…One convenient route to confer new chemical and physical properties to these natural polymers consists in grafting synthetic polymer chains. The synthetic approaches to polysaccharide‐based hybrids have been established for many years with contributors as Mino and Kaizerman,2 Hermans and coworkers,3 Richards,4 Epstein and Bar‐Nun5 together with others 6–9, 10. There are essentially three strategies to graft polymer chains onto polysaccharides: (1) the ‘grafting through’ process, (2) the ‘grafting onto’ process and (3) the ‘grafting from’ process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Polysaccharides Through Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Grafting—Towards the Generation of High Performance Hybrids

Tizzotti

Charlot

Fleury

et al. 2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

147

105

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Polysaccharides Through Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Grafting—Towards the Generation of High Performance Hybrids

Tizzotti

Charlot

Fleury

et al. 2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

147

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Cellulose graft copolymers. II. Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cellulose from acetone–water systems

Nakamura

Hinojosa

Arthur

1970

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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synopsisEthyl acrylate was graft-copolymerized from acetonewater systems with 7-irradiated, purified cotton cellulose. The scavenging of the free radicals in the irradiated cellulose by water, acetone, and water-acetone systems was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The ESR spectra of free radicals, scavenged by water and acetone, were recorded by the use of a time-averaging computer attached to the ESR spectrometer, in which the ESR spectrum of the irradiated cellulose, which had been immersed in water and/or acetone, was electronically subtracted from the ESR speotrum of the irradiated cellulose control. For both water and acetone, the ESR spectra of the scavenged free radicals were singlets. This indicated that free radical sites formed on carbon C , or C, on radiation-initiated depolymerization, which would generate singlet ESR spectra, were readily accessible to these solvents. The maximum scavenging of the radicals was obsemed when irradiated cellulose was immersed in acetone-water solution which had a composition of 25/75 vol-'%. The scavenging of the free radicals in irradiated cellulose when immersed in acetone-water solutions was less than when immersed in methanol-water solutions. Also, the extent of graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate from acetone solutions with irradiated cellulose was less than that of ethyl acrylate from methanol solutions. These differences were probably due to differences in the diffusion rates of acetone and methanol into the cellulosic structure. The Trommsdorff-type effect in the acetone solutions would be less than in the methanol solut,ions, since aret,one is a better solvent for poly(ethy1 acrylate) than methanol.

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Cellulose graft copolymers. III. Effects of oxygen on graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cellulose

Nakamura

Hinojosa

Arthur

1971

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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synopsisThe effects of oxygen on graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate from methanolwater systems with +radiated fibrous cotton cellulose were investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and by the formation of cellulose-poly(ethy1 acrylate) copolymer. The concentrations of free radicals in cellulose irradiated dry in an atmosphere of nitrogen a t 25OC decreased during postirradiation storage in nitrogen or oxygen. The concentration of free radicals in the irradiated cellulose, moisture regain of the irradiated cellulose, and formation of cellulose-poly(ethy1 acrylate) copolymer decreased with increase in temperature and time of postirradiation storage and to a greater extent when stored in oxygen rather than in nitrogen. From the decrease in moisture regain of irradiated cellulose during postirradiation storage, it was concluded that increased intermolecular bonding occurred in irradiated cellulose during storage in both nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. When irradiated celluloses which had been stored in either oxygen or nitrogen were copolymerized with ethyl acrylate at 60°C, less formation of copolymer was observed than when the copolymerization reactions were conducted a t 25OC. It was concluded that there was no evidence for the formation or decomposition of cellulose peroxides during these reactions and that formation of graft copolymer depended primarily on the concentration of free radicals in the irradiated cellulose at the time of copolymerization.

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Cellulose graft copolymers. I. Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cellulose from methanol–water systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Modification of Polysaccharides Through Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Grafting—Towards the Generation of High Performance Hybrids

Modification of Polysaccharides Through Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Grafting—Towards the Generation of High Performance Hybrids

Cellulose graft copolymers. II. Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cellulose from acetone–water systems

Cellulose graft copolymers. III. Effects of oxygen on graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cellulose

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