Cellulose from sources to nanocellulose and an overview of synthesis and properties of nanocellulose/zinc oxide nanocomposite materials

Farooq, Amjad; Patoary, Mohammed Kayes; Zhang, Meiling; Mussana, Hassan; Li, Mengmeng; Naeem, Muhammad Awais; Mushtaq, Muhammad; Farooq, Aamir; Liu, Lifang

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.163

Cited by 179 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 338 publications

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“…CNF consists of cellulosic domains i.e., crystalline and amorphous domains. Generally, several resources of native biomass, such as corn husk, rice straw, soft and hardwoods, and banana can be used for obtaining NCF (Farooq et al, 2020). In recent years, there has been only a low level of interest in the commercialization of CNF due to its high-cost production process.…”

Section: Nano-cellulose Types and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Synthesis of Nanocellulose and Its Eco-Friendly Advanced Applications

Gupta¹,

Shukla²

2020

Front. Chem.

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Nanocellulose is a unique and natural compound extracted from native cellulose using different extraction techniques. Nanocellulose is currently attracting attention due to its excellent properties such as special surface chemistry, exceptional physical and chemical strength, and rich hydroxyl groups for modification. In addition, its significant biological properties, like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, accompanied by being environmentally friendly, are added advantages. The current review is focused on the lignocellulosic biomass processing methods for nanocellulose production and their usage for eco-friendly and environmental sustainability. We have also described insights into different techniques by which cellulosic materials can be changed into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Lastly, we further discussed how nano-cellulosic materials are being used in a variety of industries such as the food sector, biomedical hygiene products, health care, water purification, and sensors. In the review, the unique uses of nanocelluloses in the production of nanocomposite materials, like flexible supercapacitor and polymer matrix, toward minimizing the utilization of global fossil energy and environmental pollution are envisaged. Finally, the significant application of nanomaterials in the areas of packaging industries, health and hygienic sector, cosmetics, and other important sectors are discussed. In the aspect of techno-economically feasibility, nano-cellulose-based materials may prove to be outstanding, environment friendly, and mitigate effluent load.

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Section: Nano-cellulose Types and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Synthesis of Nanocellulose and Its Eco-Friendly Advanced Applications

Gupta¹,

Shukla²

2020

Front. Chem.

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“…A strategy for improving dispersion involves the use of nanocellulose as a supporting material for the fabrication of metal oxides NPs. Nanocellulose/metal oxides hybrids showing antibacterial, magnetic, sensing properties or improved absorption are required in packaging, wound healing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, bio-separation or water cleaning [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Metal oxides are preferred in nanocellulose-based antibacterial formulations due to their prolonged release and lack of microbial resistance, which is frequently observed in the case of antibiotics [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reviews on nanocellulose hybrids designed mostly for packaging applications have been already published [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, no detailed review on nanocellulose/metal oxides intended for biomedical applications was reported so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Good results were obtained in the case of nanocellulose reinforced biopolymers, due to their inherent low mechanical properties [2,[4][5][6]. In addition, nanocellulose may serve as a polymer matrix for organic or inorganic agents in the form of nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoplatelets [7,8]. Nanocellulose-based materials cover a huge range of applications, from biosensors, energy storage devices and flexible electronics to enzyme immobilization, wound healing, biodegradable packaging, CO 2 absorbent materials, water purification Several attempts for biomedical applications of CNF and CNC isolated from plants and wood were also reported [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocellulose Hybrids with Metal Oxides Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Oprea

Panaitescu

2020

Molecules

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Cellulose is one of the most affordable, sustainable and renewable resources, and has attracted much attention especially in the form of nanocellulose. Bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals or nanofibers may serve as a polymer support to enhance the effectiveness of metal nanoparticles. The resultant hybrids are valuable materials for biomedical applications due to the novel optical, electronic, magnetic and antibacterial properties. In the present review, the preparation methods, properties and application of nanocellulose hybrids with different metal oxides nanoparticles such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide or magnetite are thoroughly discussed. Nanocellulose-metal oxides antibacterial formulations are preferred to antibiotics due to the lack of microbial resistance, which is the main cause for the antibiotics failure to cure infections. Metal oxide nanoparticles may be separately synthesized and added to nanocellulose (ex situ processes) or they can be synthesized using nanocellulose as a template (in situ processes). In the latter case, the precursor is trapped inside the nanocellulose network and then reduced to the metal oxide. The influence of the synthesis methods and conditions on the thermal and mechanical properties, along with the bactericidal and cytotoxicity responses of nanocellulose-metal oxides hybrids were mainly analyzed in this review. The current status of research in the field and future perspectives were also signaled.

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“…Besides these methods, developing nanocomplexes based on metal and metal oxide NPs is also a possible way to fabricate biocompatible NPs (Ghaemi et al, 2018; Yorseng, Siengchin, Ashok, & Rajulu, 2020). Meanwhile, it is important to develop novel nanocomplexes as they may possess superior properties not owned by NPs based on single composition (Farooq et al, 2020; Kannan, Radhika, Sadasivuni, Reddy, & Raghu, 2020). However, it is still necessary to thoroughly investigate the toxicity and mechanisms of nanocomplexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Novel metal and metal oxide‐based nanocomplexes are being developed due to their superior properties compared with nanoparticles (NPs) based on single composition. In this study, we synthesized Ag‐coated ZnO (Ag/ZnO) and Ag‐doped ZnO (Ag@ZnO) NPs. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms associated with the synthesized NPs were investigated to understand the influence of Ag positions on biocompatibility of the NPs. After exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Ag/ZnO, Ag@ZnO, and ZnO NPs all significantly induced cytotoxicity, but the cytotoxic effects of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were more modest in comparison with ZnO NPs. At cytotoxic concentrations, all NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, which suggested a role of excessive Zn ions on cytotoxicity of NPs. All types of NPs significantly induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes including DNA damage‐inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1), and ER to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), but Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less effective to induce DDIT3 and XBP‐1 expression compared with ZnO NPs. Not surprisingly, only ZnO NPs significantly induced the expression of caspase 3. Combined, the results from this study showed that Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less cytotoxic and less potent to induce ER stress gene expression compared with ZnO NPs, but there were no significant differences between Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs. Our results may provide novel understanding about the biocompatibility of Ag–ZnO nanocomplexes.

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Cellulose from sources to nanocellulose and an overview of synthesis and properties of nanocellulose/zinc oxide nanocomposite materials

Cited by 179 publications

References 338 publications

Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Synthesis of Nanocellulose and Its Eco-Friendly Advanced Applications

Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Synthesis of Nanocellulose and Its Eco-Friendly Advanced Applications

Nanocellulose Hybrids with Metal Oxides Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

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