Cellulose derivatives containing carboxylic acid groups

Allen, T. C.; Cuculo, John A.

doi:10.1002/pol.1973.230070103

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Thus, most of the hydrolyzed products are the insufficiently hydrolyzed fibers which can be used for preparing CNFs through subsequent mechanical disintegration. The advantages of using dicarboxylic acid for the preparation of NCs are that (1) carboxyl groups are introduced on the surface of CNCs and CNFs, as ester group could have been formed by the reaction of dicarboxylic acids with cellulose [92]; (2) solid dicarboxylic acid (e.g., oxalate and maleic acid) is of low corrosion to equipment and could be fully recovered by using crystallization technology; (3) the resultant CNCs and CNFs are thermally stable which is beneficial for the manufacture of composite. Li and coworkers used molten oxalate dihydrate to treat cellulose fibrils which is a free solvent for the preparation of CNCs [93].…”

Section: Organic Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

194

128

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The recent strategies in preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were described. CNCs and CNFs are two types of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they possess various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Due to various applications in biomedical engineering, food, sensor, packaging, and so on, there are many studies conducted on CNCs and CNFs. In this review, various methods of preparation of CNCs and CNFs are summarized, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The methods of pretreatment of cellulose are described in view of the benefits to fibrillation.

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Section: Organic Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

194

128

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“…It is well known that carboxylic acids can esterify cellulose through Fisher-Speier esterification 16 . Applying dicarboxylic acids to cellulose can result in semi-acid un-crosslinked esters 17 (or carboxylation), to produce carboxylated CNC and CNF as we demonstrated 15 previously. The method documented here can produce carboxylated and thermally stable CNF and CNC that is also highly crystalline from either bleached or unbleached pulps while having relatively simple and high chemical recovery and using low energy inputs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

Bian

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

JoVE

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Here we demonstrate potentially low cost and green productions of high thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibrils (CNF) from bleached eucalyptus pulp (BEP) and unbleached mixed hardwood kraft pulp (UMHP) fibers using highly recyclable dicarboxylic solid acids. Typical operating conditions were acid concentrations of 50 - 70 wt% at 100 °C for 60 min and 120 °C (no boiling at atmospheric pressure) for 120 min, for BEP and UMHP, respectively. The resultant CNCs have a higher thermal degradation temperature than their corresponding feed fibers and carboxylic acid group content from 0.2 - 0.4 mmol/g. The low strength (high pKa of 1.0 - 3.0) of organic acids also resulted in CNCs with both longer lengths of approximately 239 - 336 nm and higher crystallinity than CNCs produced using mineral acids. Cellulose loss to sugar was minimal. Fibrous cellulosic solid residue (FCSR) from the dicarboxylic acid hydrolysis was used to produce carboxylated CNFs through subsequent mechanical fibrillation with low energy input.

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“…Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an anionic derivative of cellulose, attracts more and more attention recently as raw materials for the design of drug delivery formulations because of its advantages of good water‐solubility, high abundance and low price 18, 19. CMC with chemically reactive groups (primary, secondary OH and COOH) can be easily modified by chemical reaction 20–23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of attapulgite contents on release behaviors of a pH sensitive carboxymethyl cellulose‐g‐poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium alginate composite hydrogel bead containing diclofenac

Wang

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of pH-sensitive composite hydrogel beads, carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium alginate (CMC-g-PAA/APT/SA), were prepared by combining CMC-g-PAA/APT composite and SA, using Ca 2þ as the ionic crosslinking agent and diclofenac sodium (DS) as the model drug. The effects of APT content and external pH on the swelling properties and release behaviors of DS from the composite hydrogel beads were investigated. The results showed that the composite hydrogel beads exhibited good pH-sensitivity. Introducing 20% APT into CMC-g-PAA hydrogel could change the surface structure of the composite hydrogel beads, decrease the swelling ability, and relieve the burst release effect of DS. The drug cumulative release ratio of DS from the hydrogel beads in simulated gastric fluid was only 3.71% within 3 hour, but in simulated intestinal fluid about 50% for 3 hour, 85% for 12 hour, up to 90% after 24 hour. The obtained results indicated that the CMC-g-PAA/APT/SA hydrogel beads could be applied to the drug delivery system as drug carriers in the intestinal tract.

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Cellulose derivatives containing carboxylic acid groups

Cited by 24 publications

References 102 publications

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

Effect of attapulgite contents on release behaviors of a pH sensitive carboxymethyl cellulose‐g‐poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium alginate composite hydrogel bead containing diclofenac

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