Cellulose-based fiber spinning processes using ionic liquids

Abstract

Cellulose, a natural, renewable, and environment friendly biopolymer, has been considered as a sustainable feedstock in the near future. However, only 0.3% of cellulose is today processed since it is not soluble in conventional solvents due to the strong hydrogen bonding network and highly ordered structure. Hence, the search of effective and eco-friendly solvents for cellulose dissolution has been a key pillar for decades. In the recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as green solvents for cellulose and have been applied for the production of cellulose-based fibers. This review aims to focus the attention toward fiber spinning methods of cellulose based on ILs, as well as recent progress in cellulose dissolution using ILs. Moreover, the development of cellulosic fibers blended with other biopolymers, and cellulose composites are presented. Finally, different applications of cellulose fibers and composites are summarized and discussed.

Advances in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy

“…The advantage of organic materials is their biocompatibility and the possibility of biodegradation to non-toxic products that can be eliminated from the body. These organic materials consist mainly of various polymers, natural (chitosan [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ], alginate (ALG) [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 129 , 130 , 136 ], cellulose [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 129 , 131 , 137 , 138 , 139 ], starch [ 125 , 127 , 140 , 141 ], gelatin [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 129 , 130 , 142 ], hyaluronic acid (HA) [ 132 , 133 ], collagen [ 132 , 133 ]) or synthetic, e.g., poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 143 ], poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) [ …”

“…NLCs contain both solid and liquid lipids as a core matrix stabilized by surfactants. NLCs that are popular as drug carrier nanosystems due to their biocompatibility, similarly to other lipid NCs such as liposomes, SLNPs, or liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) [ 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ].…”

“…Cellulose is a biocompatible, biodegradable natural polymer, which can be functionalized, and its functionalized derivatives can be used as wound dressing material, whereby the loading of such dressings with antimicrobials infections in chronic wounds can be controlled, and the effectiveness against drug-resistant bacteria was also observed [ 137 , 138 , 139 ]. An antibiotic-free biomaterial, probiotic cellulose composite consisting of alive but also metabolically active probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum or Lactobacillus gasseri within the cellulose matrix showed excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus , P. aeruginosa and MRSA and can be used instead of antibiotics for the treatment of topical infections, including severe chronic wounds [ 236 ].…”

PVA-Based Electrospun Biomembranes with Hydrolyzed Collagen and Ethanolic Extract of Hypericum perforatum for Potential Use as Wound Dressing: Fabrication and Characterization

“…While ES is adjusted to obtain optimized structural and morphological materials to accomplish the requirements, the component selection also plays a crucial role. Many synthetic (PEG, PCL [ 12 , 13 ], PEO [ 14 ], and PVA) and natural polymers (cellulose [ 15 ], chitin [ 16 ], and collagen) have been used. From these materials, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an excellent option as supporting media for wound dressings, due to it is biodegradable, non-toxic, and good fiber formation capacity that results in mats with optimal flexibility.…”

Behavior of melt electrospinning/blowing for polypropylene fiber fabrication

“…Among them, the field of application of fiber products has expanded from conventional clothing to electronic products, energy harvesters, sensors, battery separators and so on. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] For fibers to be employed as materials in various fields, an extremely thin one-dimensional structure or a two-dimensional structure in the form of a non-woven material is required, and electrospinning is a well-known process for fabricating such structures. [10][11][12] Solution electrospinning has recently gained popularity, and several studies have been conducted on electrospinning various polymers.…”