Cellulose Acetate for Thermoplastic Foam Extrusion

Zepnik, Stefan; Hildebrand, Tilo; Kabasci, Hans-Joachim Ra-dusch Stephan; Wodke, Thomas

doi:10.5772/56215

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is known that glycerol triacetate is an efficient plasticizer able to decrease the glass transition temperature of cellulose acetate from 200°C without plasticizer to 110–130°C with 20 wt% of plasticizer . Considering the experimental error, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the scale and type of processing tool on plasticization of cellulose acetate

et al. 2016

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Four processing tools (two twin-screw extruders, one being a mini-extruder, and two mixers) were used to prepare plasticized cellulose acetate with 20 wt% of glycerol triacetate. The goal was to deduce if the scale of the processing tool influences the dispersion of the plasticizer as estimated by the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of the obtained materials. The amount of polymer used ranged from 5 g for mini-extruder to a 10 kg/h for pilot-scale extruder. The specific mechanical energy was used to compare the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of cellulose acetate obtained with the four processing tools using different processing conditions. The measurement of the glass transition temperature was not able to discriminate the four tools used. Rheology shows differences, not as a function of small or large tools, but in terms of specific mechanical energy. The larger was the tool, the higher were the Young's moduli. This was ascribed to an overall better distribution and dispersion of the plasticizer. However, all variations were small, showing that small laboratory processing machines can prepare thermoplastic compounds with similar properties as pilot scale extruders, at least in what concerns cellulose acetate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the scale and type of processing tool on plasticization of cellulose acetate

et al. 2016

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“…Hence, potential applications are for example food trays, which are produced by thermoforming of foamed sheets . In this context, the authors previously studied the foam sheet extrusion of thermoplastic CA with different physical BAs . The use of environmentally noncritical 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234ze) as BA and 0.5 wt% talc as nucleating agent resulted in foam sheets with a density of approximately 130 kg/m³ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the authors previously studied the foam sheet extrusion of thermoplastic CA with different physical BAs . The use of environmentally noncritical 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234ze) as BA and 0.5 wt% talc as nucleating agent resulted in foam sheets with a density of approximately 130 kg/m³ . Another study focused on the effect of co‐BAs on the foaming behavior and morphology of strands .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion foaming of thermoplastic cellulose acetate sheets with HFO‐1234ze and co‐blowing agents

Hendriks

Hopmann

Zepnik

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Cellulose acetate is a bio‐based plastic which can be used to produce foam sheets through the extrusion process. In this study, different co‐blowing agents (BAs) were added to the foaming process in order to improve the extrusion foaming behavior and cell density of sheets foamed with HFO‐1234ze. The effect of co‐BAs on the melt viscosity was investigated with an inline extrusion rheometer. Furthermore, the resulting cell morphology of foam sheets was studied. While the plasticizing effect of the co‐BA is similar to HFO‐1234ze, the cell density of the foam sheets could be improved by adding co‐BAs in concentrations between 0.04 and 0.16 mol/kg. Adding 0.06 mol/kg of ethanol increased the cell density from approximately 1 to 12 × 105 1/cm³ at an invariant density of ∼130 kg/m³. The density reduction of the foam sheets can be calculated in good agreement from the molar concentration of the BAs. However, high amounts of co‐BA slightly reduce the BA yield. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E182–E188, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Thus, the temperature window between sufficient thermoplasticity and decomposition of CA is enlarged, and melt processing is possible without degradation. Since conventional phthalate plasticizers exhibit certain toxicity , glycerol‐based plasticizers for CA with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval are state of the art .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One application are food trays, produced by thermoforming of foamed sheets . In this context, the authors already studied the foam sheet extrusion of thermoplastic CA with different physical blowing agents (PBA) . The use of environmentally noncritical 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234ze) as PBA and 0.5 wt% talc as nucleating agent resulted in a 10‐fold expansion of the foam sheets .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughness and foam morphology of cellulose acetate sheets foamed with 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene

Hopmann

Hendriks

Spicker

et al. 2016

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Cellulose acetate (CA) is a bio-based polymer suitable to replace foamed polystyrene (PS) in packaging applications. Foam trays can be produced by thermoforming of extruded sheets foamed with physical blowing agents. In this paper, the effects of various process settings and the calibration of the sheet on foam morphology and surface quality of extruded CA sheets are presented. Different contact cooling options were applied in order to investigate their influence on surface roughness, density, and morphology of the sheets. By adjusting cooling parameters, blowing agent formulation, and process settings, smooth foam sheets with a surface roughness below 10 µm and a density in the range of 150 kg m−3 were produced

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Cellulose Acetate for Thermoplastic Foam Extrusion

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Influence of the scale and type of processing tool on plasticization of cellulose acetate

Influence of the scale and type of processing tool on plasticization of cellulose acetate

Extrusion foaming of thermoplastic cellulose acetate sheets with HFO‐1234ze and co‐blowing agents

Surface roughness and foam morphology of cellulose acetate sheets foamed with 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene

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