Cellulases: From Lignocellulosic Biomass to Improved Production

Ilić, Nevena; Milić, Marija; Beluhan, Sunčica; Dimitrijević-Branković, Suzana

doi:10.3390/en16083598

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…These constituents collectively contribute to a complex and rigid structure, rendering LCB resistant to degradation by microorganisms and enzymes without prior pretreatment [37]. LCB is the most abundant biomass globally, with an estimated annual production of approximately 200 billion tons, which constitutes approximately 90% of the overall plant material production and is derived mainly from agricultural and forestry residues, horticultural waste, and economically valuable crops [38][39][40][41]. An estimated 8-20 billion tons of readily available LCB has biotechnological potential [42].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three primary categories of cellulase enzymes responsible for cellulose hydrolysis are endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase or cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase or cellobiase. These enzymes target different glycosidic bonds within cellulose, leading to the formation of cello-oligosaccharides, cellobiose, and glucose, respectively [16,39]. Hemicellulose hydrolysis relies on endo-β-1-4 xylanase, exoxylanase, and β-xylosidase to produce xylooligosaccharides, xylobiose, and xylose, respectively [16].…”

Section: Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Acidic and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques for Bioethanol Production from Perennial Grasses

Johannes,

Xuan

2024

Energies

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This review paper examines acid and alkaline pretreatments on perennial grasses for second-generation (2G) bioethanol production, a relatively unexplored area in this field. It compares the efficiency of these pretreatments in producing fermentable sugar and bioethanol yield. This study finds that alkaline pretreatment is more effective than acidic pretreatment in removing lignin and increasing sugar yield, leading to higher ethanol yields. However, it is costlier and requires longer reaction times than acidic pretreatment, while acidic pretreatment often leads to the formation of inhibitory compounds at higher temperatures, which is undesirable. The economic and environmental impacts of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) are also assessed. It is revealed that LCB has a lower carbon but higher water footprint and significant costs due to pretreatment compared to first-generation biofuels. This review further explores artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced technologies in optimizing bioethanol production and identified the gap in literature regarding their application to pretreatment of perennial grasses. This review concludes that although perennial grasses hold promise for 2G bioethanol, the high costs and environmental challenges associated with LCB necessitate further research. This research should focus on integrating AI to optimize the pretreatment of LCB, thereby improving efficiency and sustainability in 2G biofuel production.

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Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Acidic and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques for Bioethanol Production from Perennial Grasses

Johannes,

Xuan

2024

Energies

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“…These sugars were then fermented to produce biofuels like ethanol. By facilitating the degradation of biomass, these enzymes present a promising avenue for the advancement of biofuel technologies ( Ilić et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Cosmetic Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential

Fordjour,

Manful,

Javed

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is an inexpensive fungus with a broad range of traditional and medicinal applications. These applications include therapy for breast, cervix, and skin cancers, as well as treating diabetes. However, its benefits are virtually untapped due to a limited understanding of its mycochemical composition and bioactivities. In this article, we explore the ethnobotany, mycochemistry, pharmacology, traditional therapeutic, cosmetic, and prospective agricultural uses. The review establishes that several secondary metabolites, such as steroids, terpenoids, and other compounds exist in chaga. Findings on its bioactivity have demonstrated its ability as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor agent. The study also demonstrates that Chaga powder has a long history of traditional use for medicinal purposes, pipe smoking rituals, and mystical future forecasts. The study further reveals that the applications of Chaga powder can be extended to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and agriculture. However numerous publications focused on the pharmaceutical benefits of Chaga with few publications on other applications. Overall, chaga is a promising natural resource with a wide range of potential applications and therefore the diverse array of therapeutic compounds makes it an attractive candidate for various applications such as plant biofertilizers and active ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Thus, further exploration of Chaga’s potential benefits in agriculture and other industries could lead to exciting new developments and innovations.

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“…However, these applications require drastic conditions (100–140 °C) that result in partial loss of the product and increased overall energy consumption. In this context, enzymatic hydrolysis is becoming one of the most widely used methods as it requires less energy consumption and mild environmental conditions [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In addition, the absence of strong acids or bases does not adversely affect the subsequent conversion processes, such as fermentation, for the formation of valuable products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Network of Processes for Biorefining Burdock Seeds and Roots

di Bitonto,

Scelsi,

Errico

et al. 2024

Molecules

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In this work, a novel sustainable approach was proposed for the integral valorisation of Arctium lappa (burdock) seeds and roots. Firstly, a preliminary recovery of bioactive compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids, was performed. Then, simple sugars (i.e., fructose and sucrose) and phenolic compounds were extracted by using compressed fluids (supercritical CO2 and propane). Consequently, a complete characterisation of raw biomass and extraction residues was carried out to determine the starting chemical composition in terms of residual lipids, proteins, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and ash content. Subsequently, three alternative ways to utilise extraction residues were proposed and successfully tested: (i) enzymatic hydrolysis operated by Cellulases (Thricoderma resei) of raw and residual biomass to glucose, (ii) direct ethanolysis to produce ethyl levulinate; and (iii) pyrolysis to obtain biochar to be used as supports for the synthesis of sulfonated magnetic iron-carbon catalysts (Fe-SMCC) to be applied in the dehydration of fructose for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The development of these advanced approaches enabled the full utilisation of this resource through the production of fine chemicals and value-added compounds in line with the principles of the circular economy.

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Cellulases: From Lignocellulosic Biomass to Improved Production

Cited by 27 publications

References 101 publications

Comparative Analysis of Acidic and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques for Bioethanol Production from Perennial Grasses

Comparative Analysis of Acidic and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques for Bioethanol Production from Perennial Grasses

Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential

A Network of Processes for Biorefining Burdock Seeds and Roots

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