Cellulase immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in polymer nanospheres

Abstract

Immobilization of cellulases on magnetic nanoparticles, especially magnetite nanoparticles, has been the main approach studied to make this enzyme, economically and industrially, more attractive. However, magnetite nanoparticles tend to agglomerate, are very reactive and easily oxidized in air, which has strong impact on their useful life. Thus, it is very important to provide proper surface coating to avoid the mentioned problems. This study aimed to investigate the immobilization of cellulase on magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in polymeric nanospheres. The support was characterized in terms of morphology, average diameter, magnetic behavior and thermal decomposition analyses. The polymer nanospheres containing encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior and intensity average diameter about 150 nm. Immobilized cellulase exhibited broader temperature stability than in the free form and great reusability capacity, 69% of the initial enzyme activity was maintained after eight cycles of use. The magnetic support showed potential for cellulase immobilization and allowed fast and easy biocatalyst recovery through a single magnet.

Immobilization of Cellulase on a Functional Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Support: Stability and Kinetic Study

“…Nevertheless, the results clearly show that immobilization is an effective tool to ensure the reusability of cellulase in the hydrolysis of cellulose. Earlier studies of cellulase immobilization have reported the retention of about 40% and 70% of initial activity after eight biocatalytic cycles, when the enzyme was attached to, respectively, magnetic nanoparticles consisting of hematite and ferrite activated by glutaraldehyde, and magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in polymer nanospheres [34,42]. Such improvement in the operational stability and reusability of cellulase makes it more suitable for large-scale processes and greatly increases its economic viability.…”

Industrial Applications of Enzymes: Recent Advances, Techniques, and Outlooks

“…Lima et al found that immobilized cellulase had increased thermostability when compared to free cellulase and retained nearly 70% of its initial activity after eight cycles of converting cellulosic biomass to glucose. The significant activity retention of immobilized cellulose suggests that immobilization techniques can improve process economics by allowing for efficient reuse of biocatalyst [56].…”

Recent Advances of Cellulase Immobilization onto Magnetic Nanoparticles: An Update Review

“…Enzyme stability and activity were affected by the immobilization process as detailed in Table 4. The results obtained revealed that poly(methyl methacrylate) as a coating polymer did not have any significant effect on the particles' magnetic properties (Figure 4) [70]. Four-arm dendritic polymers composed of PEG-NH2 (Scheme 5) were used as coating materials for immobilization of cellulase derived from Trichoderma viride onto MNPs.…”

“…Providing unique physical and electronic properties and also providing a large surface area for biomolecules to anchor [69][70][71][72] Amino-based surface functionalization Novel strategies to enhance the enzyme's thermal and chemical stability [63][64][65][66][67] Chitosan-based surface functionalization…”

“…Overview of hydrolysis of cellulose by poly(methyl methacrylate)-coated MNPs applied for enzyme immobilization and enzyme reusability. Reproduced with permission from Reference[70].…”