Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Penicillium echinulatum in Submerged Media Containing Cellulose Amended with Sorbitol

Abstract

The present work investigated the use of sorbitol as a soluble carbon source, in association with cellulose, to produce cellulases and xylanases in submerged cultures of Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1. Because cellulose is an insoluble carbon source, in cellulase production, there are some problems with rheology and oxygen transfer. The submerged fermentations containing media composed of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (w/v) sorbitol and cellulose that were added at different times during the cultivation; 0.2% (w/v) soy bran; 0.1% (w/v) wheat bran; and a solution of salts. The highest filter paper activity (FPA) (1.95 ± 0.04 IU·mL−1) was obtained on the seventh day in the medium containing 0.5% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.5% (w/v) cellulose added 24 h after the start of cultivation. However, the CMCases showed an activity peak on the sixth day (9.99 ± 0.75 IU·mL−1) in the medium containing 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.75% (w/v) cellulose added after 12 h of cultivation. The xylanases showed the highest activity in the medium with 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.25% (w/v) cellulose added 36 h after the start of cultivation. This strategy enables the reduction of the cellulose concentration, which in high concentrations can cause rheological and oxygen transfer problems.

Optimization of Process Conditions for the Production of Holocellulase by a <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Nahoon Beach Sediments

“…This was observed in this study as the highest production of xylanase and cellulase by the Bacillus strain was attained at stationary growth phase. However a sharp decline in xylanase production was recorded thereafter, probably due to proteolysis and enzyme denaturation; while an increase in cellulase activity after an initial decline was observed, which could be attributed to the production of an isoenzyme as have been suggested in literature (Battan et al, 2007;Ritter et al, 2013). Differing from this study however, xylanase production by B. subtilis ASH was initiated at 24 h and attained maximum yield at 72 h (Sanghi et al, 2008).…”

Optimized Production of Xylanase by Penicillium purpurogenum and Ultrasound Impact on Enzyme Kinetics for the Production of Monomeric Sugars From Pretreated Corn Cobs

“…Penicillium funiculosum Cellulose and wheat bran SMF Mishra et al, 1985 Penicillium canescens 10-10c Wheat straw with xylan SSF Bakri et al, 2003 Penicillium brasilianum IBT 20888 Mixture of cellulose and xylan SMF Jorgensen et al, 2003 Penicillium janthinellum Corncob, corn husk, oat husk, and bagasse SMF Oliveira et al, 2006 Penicillium schelotiorum Oat spelt xylan and wheat bran SSF Knob and Carmona, 2008 Penicillium janczewskii Brewer's spent grain SMF Terrasan et al, 2010 Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 Wheat straw SMF Liao et al, 2012 Penicillium echinulatum Sorbitol and cellulose SMF Todero et al, 2013 Penicillium chrysogenum Sugar cane bagasse SSF Terrone et al, 2018 overall process and yield are substrate to moisture ratio, pH, temperature, inoculum size and the nutrient source which need to be optimized for higher productivity (Bhardwaj et al, 2019). The conventional optimization method involves changing of each variable at a time, keeping the others constant, that does not consider the interaction effects between the variables (Kannoju et al, 2017).…”

Early-branching gut fungi possess a large, comprehensive array of biomass-degrading enzymes

“…3B and data S8). The faster regulatory response of hemicellulases is conserved in higher fungi (23, 24) and thought to be an adaptation to lignocellulose structure. Hemicellulose and pectin surround cellulose; thus, cellulases act only after the hemicellulases and pectinases remove this outer coating.…”