Cellulase activity in Orchestia gammarella (Pallas)

Wildish, D. J.; Poole, N. J.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(70)90384-1

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Enzymes such as cellulase and amylase play an important role in the digestion of storage and structural polysaccharides contained in algae cells. The cellulases in invertebrates are believed to originate predominantly from symbiotic bacteria or from ingestion of microbial enzymes but may also be produced by the animals (Wildish & Poole 1970). Transmission electron microscopy of Daphnia magna intestines did not reveal a gut flora and the cellulose utilization demonstrated in individuals of this species feeding on sterile food (Schoenberg et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Food chain effects of sublethal ultraviolet radiation on subarctic Daphnia pulex – a field and laboratory study

Zellmer¹,

Arts²,

Šustr³

2006

archiv_hydrobiologie

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In shallow subarctic ponds Daphnia and their algal food are often exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It was previously demonstrated that direct exposure of Daphnia to UVR may result in sublethal damage to Daphnia's intestinal system. This led to the hypothesis that, as consequences of such exposures, Daphnia may be experiencing a situation similar to starvation. We examined, in controlled experiments, the indirect effect of UVR-treated food algae on Daphnia pulex which, themselves, were also exposed to UVR. We specifically tested whether exposure of D. pulex to solar UVR affects food transport and enzymatic digestion. As expected, the UVR-exposed food and UVR-treated Daphnia combination produced the strongest effects on intestinal damage, and mortality. Some of these effects, as well as the grazerrelated effects, were similar to those observed during starvation. The total activities of digestive enzymes (amylase and cellulase) were somewhat reduced in UVR treated D. pulex, but the function of enzymes is not seriously damaged as is clear from the increasing trend of protein-specific activities. We conclude that, in some ways, Daphnia undergoing sublethal UVR exposures may be experiencing a condition similar to what they would experience under very low food or even fasting conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Food chain effects of sublethal ultraviolet radiation on subarctic Daphnia pulex – a field and laboratory study

Zellmer¹,

Arts²,

Šustr³

2006

archiv_hydrobiologie

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“…Secondary colonizers follow, all of which are xylophagous, trophically relying on the wood degrading microflora in some as yet un-specified way. These include the driftwood specialist talitrids where studies on the physiology of digestion have been unable to demonstrate whether cellulases present in the talitrid gut originate from native sources, or from symbiotic gut microorganisms (Agrawal 1961;Wildish and Poole 1970;Johnston et al 2005).…”

Section: Driftwood Ecotopementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of driftwood talitrids: a review

Wildish¹

2017

ZSE

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Marine driftwood, both when floating at the sea surface and after stranding in the supralittoral of a beach, has been inadequately sampled for talitrids throughout the world. It is probable that many more talitrids than the seven currently recognized as driftwood species are extant. Because they are obligate xylophages all seven species are considered to be specialized driftwood talitrids. They contrast with talitrids able to feed on either wrack or driftwood, as has been established experimentally in Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845). For the best known genus of specialized driftwood talitrids, Macarorchestia, there are two zoogeographic series: Northeast Atlantic: M. microphtalma -M. roffensis -M. martini and Mediterranean: M. remyi -M. pavesiae. Both geographic series are characterized by increasing dwarfism. Experimental studies suggest that dwarfism evolved to allow talitrids to occupy the small burrows made by gribbles (Isopoda, Limnoridae) in driftwood, and/or because driftwood was a poor quality food by comparison with wrack. The phylogenetic advantages of talitrids living in driftwood are that: they are protected from shorebird predation, they are provided with a long distance dispersal mechanism, and they have a relatively long term, albeit poorer quality, food source. Molecular genetic studies confirm that both Macarorchestia and Neotenorchestia have evolved by dwarfism from larger Orchestia ancestors.

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“…The low contribution of wood debris to the diet of M. remyi found in the present study showed that this item was not the major food source. This could explain the difficulty of previous authors (Davolos et al, 2010b) in finding cellulase, an enzyme necessary to digest wood litter, as produced by the species itself, contrarily to what had been suggested by Wildish and Poole (1970) for O. gammarellus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%