1997, xiii+409 pp., line drawings. H / b ISBN 0-521-44523-X. Price L50.There is now a fairly extensive, if fragmented, literature on suspension feeding, much of it concentrating on benthic animals, and so a book reviewing benthic suspension feeding is very appropriate at this time. The backgrounds of the authors are very different and provide different types of expertise; Wildish is a marine biologist and Kristmanson a chemical engineer specialising in flow. Thus this volume places particular emphasis, as the title indicates, on the effects of flow on benthic suspension feeders. Although it sounds rather narrow, this book is surprisingly readable, with very well explained and quite detailed coverage of a broad range of filter feeding taxa. It is organized into chapters on a variety of topics, like methods, dispersal, physiology, mechanisms, behaviour, effects of flow, ecosystems and future work.The book is not intended to be a research monograph and does not give every minute detail, but still covers its chosen area to the extent that it provides a very adequate starting point for new PhD students or others wishing to start on a new field of research. Enough of the literature is cited to enable key papers to be obtained in the many areas covered. However, the broad coverage and clear style also make this volume potentially useful for undergraduates wanting to read around to get an overview of specialist areas. At L50 in hardback it represents a degree of value for money by the inflated standards of many specialist academic books and I am pleased to be able to recommend it as something that should be purchased by university libraries and by those with an interest in benthic filter feeders. JOHN THORPE Animal Physiology. Adaptation and environment, 5th edition, by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 1997, ix+607 pp., monotones, coloured and b/w line drawings. H / b ISBN 0-52 1-57098-95. Price L24.95KJS9649.95.Updated to include recent developments and new references, this classic text is aimed at students who want to know how animals work, what they do, and how they do it. The emphasis is on function related to environment (especially extreme environments where problems are greatest), and focuses on the themes of oxygen, foodlenergy, temperature, and water."Oxygen" compares problems of breathing air and water, providing an introduction to the more specialized literature. "Food and Energy" covers digestion @articularly interesting on digestion in herbivores, and chemical defences), and energy metabolism (including the problems of diving and locomotion). "Temperature" considers adaptations to extremes and temperature regulation (including torpor and hibernation), while "water" deals with 30 1

'~e p a r t m e n t of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 451 311420 40th Ave., Apt 101, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6J OR5 4Aquaculture and Invertebrate Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada EOG 2x0ABSTRACT: Benthic fluxes of dissolved oxygen and ammonium were measured at bi-weekly to monthly intervals during 1990-91 proximate to and under an array of pens holding Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Linn. in L'Etang Inlet, a macrotidal embayment in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Hierarchical clustering of data indicated that the 7 stations could be divided into 3 groups (3 stations under the pen array, 2 at the perimeter of the array and 2 away from pens). Average rates of oxygen uptake and ammonium release for the 3 stations under the pens were 4 and 27 times higher, respectively, than values at the 2 stations distant from the cages. Maximum average rates of ammonium release (38 mm01 m-2 d-') in late July and oxygen uptake (99 mm01 m-' d-') in early September for stations under the pens coincided with maximum water temperatures and sediment sulfide accumulation, respectively. Negative redox (Eh) potentials (c 0 mV) and reduced numbers of benthic polychaetes Capitella spp. also occurred in sediments under pens between mid-July and September. Values of > 100 mM S= in sediment pore water during September could have been toxic to benthic fauna as well as to heterotrophic bacteria that produce substrates utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

A review of the ecology of amphipods belonging to the superfamily Talitroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda) is presented. Species of Talitroidea are characteristically able to hop by rapid flicks of the urosome. They include land hoppers, which are true land-inhabiting forms excluded from detailed consideration in this review, as well as aquatic Talitroidea. Aquatic Talitroidea are found throughout much of the world in freshwater, estuarine, and marine conditions in littoral and infralittoral habitats, and an ecological habitat classification is presented. Subjects discussed include taxonomy, life history, dispersal, and the ecological factors affecting the survival of shore hoppers. The synecological role of shore hoppers in the aquatic ecosystem, e.g., in mineralizing primary production, is relatively minor although it may be locally important. The evolutionary ecology of land hopper origins from ancestors resembling shore hoppers is discussed, in the absence of direct evidence, based on likely colonization routes suggested by the distribution of contemporary talitroids.

1984. Importance to mussels of the benthic boundary layer. Can. 1. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41 : 1618-1625 We examined whether populations of the blue mussel Mytiius edulbs (Linnaeus, 1758) and horse mussel Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) could, by their feeding activities, deplete the sestonic food supply. The experiments were conducted in a 5-m-long by 56-cm-wide flume in which a turbulent boundary layer flow was created. The seston concentration was measured both as AT$ content and numbers of bacteria by acridline orange staining technique on separate subsamples of seawater. Sampling locations were at the flume inlet and at a point 3.6 m downstream (outlet). Four of the five replicated experiments with blue mussels had significant AHP-seston depletion but no reduction in bacterial numbers at the outlet sampling location. Of three replicated experiments with horse mussels, two had significant ATP-seston depletion and all three had significantly fewer bacterial numbers at the outlet sampling location. We consider that these results provide direct evidence in support of the hypothesis that seawater hydrodynamic factors may be critical in determining the food supply available to suspension-feeding animals. Our results confirm circurnstantia% evidence on this point obtained from field observations by previous investigators. Experimental verification of seston depletion is a necessary, but not sufficient, step in establishing that suspension-feeding animals may be food limited as required by the trophic group mutual exclusion hypothesis.Nous avons tent6 de determiner si les populations de moules bleues, Myfilus edudis (Linnaeus, 1758), et de rnodioles, Modiolus msdisius (Linnaeus, 1758), pouvaient, en se nourrisant, epuiser la rkserve de seston. Les experiences ont ete realisees dans uneenceinte de5 m dle long et56 cm de large dans lequel on a cree un courant turbulent de couche limitrophe. La concentration du seston dans differents 6chantilions d'eau de mer a kt6 6valuee en mesurant la teneur en A-BP et le nombre de bacterie au rnoyen d'une coloration a ['orange d'acridine. Les echantillons ont ete prelev6s a %'entree de Ifenceinte et A un point situCI h 3,6 rn en aval (sortie). Dans quatre des cinq essais realises avec les moules bleues, %a teneur du seston en ATP au point de prelevement situe era aval avait serieusement diminue, contrairernent au nombre de bacteries qui etait rest6 le meme. Dans deux des trois essais realises avec les rnodioles, on a obtenu une teneur en ATP nettement dirninuke, et dans les trois cas, le nombre de bacteries a la sortie de Ifenceinte etait beaucoup plus faible. Nous considerons que ces r6sultats appuient directement Ifhypothese selon laquelle la reserve de nourriture accessible aux anirnaux se nourrissant d'elernents en suspension est determinee de facon critique par des facteurs hydrodynamiques de I'eau de mer. Nos resultats confirment les suppositions circonstanciees formulees anterieurement a partir d'observations in situ par d'autres chercheurs. La verification experimentale est ...

Benthic observations were carried out at 22 stations in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy on the east coast of Canada to evaluate impacts at salmon aquaculture sites. Eleven sites were located under salmon net-pens and 11 sites (reference or control locations) were at distances > 50 m from net-pens. Total S-and redox potential (Eh) in surface sediment and benthic O: uptake and CO: release were sensitive indicators of benthic organic enrichment. High variability between replicate measurements of sediment gas exchange could reflect spatial patchiness in sedimentation of fecal waste and food pellets under fish pens. Biomass of deposit feeders was significantly increased at cage sites but total macroIhuna biomass was similar at cage and reference locations. Surlhce sediment water c(.mtent, modal grain size, pore water salinity and sulfate, and total biomass of macrofauna were the least sensitive indicators of enrichment,