Cellulase Activity in Isolates of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> Differing in Aggressiveness

Novo, M. do C. de S. S.; Pomar, Federico; Gayoso, Carmen; Merino, Fuencisla

doi:10.1094/pd-90-0155

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Cochliobolus carbonum, pectinase is not directly required for pathogenesis (Scott-Craig et al, 1990). Cellulase, however, is unlikely to be an important enzyme directly associated with host attack, because extensive cellulose degradation typically occurs only late in infection, suggesting that it may not be the determining factor for pathogen aggressiveness in the early stages of pathogenesis (Novo et al, 2006;Walton, 1994). On the other hand, cellulases of phytopathogenic bacteria may be directly responsible for pathogen aggressiveness, since cellulase gene disruption in Pseudomonas solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, E. carotovora and Erwinia chrysanthemi all result in loss of virulence (BortoliGerman et al, 1994;Gough et al, 1988;Mae et al, 1995;Roberts et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coiled-coil protein-binding motif in Fusarium verticillioides Fsr1 is essential for maize stalk rot virulence

Yamamura

Shim

2008

Microbiology

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Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis Wineland) is one of the key pathogens of maize stalk rot disease. However, a clear understanding of stalk rot pathogenesis is still lacking. Previously, we identified the F. verticillioides FSR1 gene, which plays a key role in fungal virulence and sexual mating. The predicted Fsr1 protein contains multiple protein-binding domains, namely a caveolin-binding domain, a coiled-coil structure, and a calmodulin-binding motif at the N terminus and a WD40 repeat domain at the C terminus. Fsr1 shares significant similarity to a family of striatin proteins that play a critical role in cellular mechanisms that regulate a variety of developmental processes. Significantly, FSR1 function is conserved in Fusarium graminearum, where it also plays a direct role in pathogenesis. In this study, our goal was to determine the motif(s) in Fsr1 that are directly associated with fungal virulence. We complemented the FSR1 knockout (Dfsr1) strain with mutated versions of the FSR1 gene, and determined that the Fsr1 C-terminal WD40 repeat domain is dispensable for vegetative growth and maize stalk rot virulence. We also examined the potential link between FSR1-mediated virulence and cell wall-degrading enzyme (a-amylase, pectinase and cellulase) activities. Further characterization of the N-terminal region revealed that the coiled-coil structure is essential for virulence in F. verticillioides. The coiled-coil domain is involved in a variety of protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic systems, and thus we hypothesize that the interaction between Fsr1 and the putative Fsr1-binding protein triggers downstream gene signalling that is associated with F. verticillioides virulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coiled-coil protein-binding motif in Fusarium verticillioides Fsr1 is essential for maize stalk rot virulence

Yamamura

Shim

2008

Microbiology

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“…In addition, the pathogenicity of V. dahliae to pepper can be determined by the previous cropping history and the host of origin (Novo et al, 2006). Moreover, when research studies are performed under controlled conditions, the effect of V. dahliae on pepper growth is also dependent on plant phenology when the inoculation with the pathogen is carried out (Goicoechea et al, 2000(Goicoechea et al, , 2001Garmendia et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Growth Physiology Metabolism and Fruit Yield Of Pepper Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Luesia (Pomar et al, 2004). In a recent study, Novo et al (2006), working with Yolo Wonder and Luesia pepper cultivars, used the reduction in plant dry weight to classify different V. dahliae isolates according to their aggressiveness. Difference in the degree of aggressiveness among the different isolates suggested high variability among sampling populations independent of their original location.…”

Section: Growth Physiology Metabolism and Fruit Yield Of Pepper Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review

Goicoechea¹,

Garmendia²,

Sánchez‐Díaz³

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a vascular pathogen that alters water status and growth of pepper plants and causes drastic reductions in yield. Its control is difficult because it can survive in field soil for several years. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against V. dahliae is an alternative to the use of chemicals which, in addition, is more respectful with the environment. The establishment of the mutualistic association of plant roots and AMF involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts that includes the preactivation of plant defense responses that may enhance the resistance or tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to soil-borne pathogens. Some AMF can improve the resistance of Capsicum annuum L. against V. dahliae. This is especially relevant for pepper cultivars (i.e. cv. Piquillo) that exhibit high susceptibility to this pathogen. Compared with non-mycorrhizal plants, mycorrhizal pepper can exhibit more balanced antioxidant metabolism in leaves along the first month after pathogen inoculation, which may contribute to delay both the development of disease symptoms and the decrease of photosynthesis in Verticillium-inoculated plants with the subsequent benefit for yield. In stems, mycorrhizal pepper show earlier and higher deposition of lignin in xylem vessels than nonmycorrhizal plants, even in absence of the pathogen. Moreover, AMF can induce new isoforms of acidic chitinases and superoxide dismutase in roots. Mycorrhizal-specif ic induction of these enzymatic activities together with enhanced peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in roots may also be involved in the bioprotection of Verticillium-induced wilt in pepper by AMF.Additional key words: biological control, Capsicum annuum, mycorrhizal symbiosis, Verticillium dahliae Kleb. ResumenRevisión. Los hongos micorrícico arbusculares (MA) como agentes bioprotectores del pimiento frente a la seca inducida por Verticillium spp.Verticillium dahliae Kleb. altera el estado hídrico y el crecimiento de las plantas de pimiento y reduce la producción del fruto. El empleo de hongos micorrícico arbusculares (MA) como bioprotectores contra V. dahliae es una alternativa al uso de productos químicos más respetuosa para el medio ambiente. La asociación entre las raí-ces de las plantas y los hongos MA conlleva un diálogo celular y molecular entre ambos simbiontes, que incluye la preactivación de respuestas de defensa en la planta, lo cual puede incrementar la resistencia o tolerancia de las plantas micorrizadas hacia los patógenos edáficos. Algunos hongos MA incrementan la resistencia del pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) contra V. dahliae. Esto es especialmente relevante cuando el cultivar (cv. Piquillo, por ejemplo) es muy susceptible hacia el patógeno. En comparación con las plantas no micorrizadas, las hojas de las plantas de pimiento micorrizadas muestran un metabolismo antioxidante más equilibrado a lo largo del primer mes tras la inoculación del patógeno, lo que puede retrasar el desc...

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“…VD53 was found to be highly virulent in the different cultivars analysed (Novo et al 2006). This isolate was maintained on water agar until inoculation.…”

Section: Fungal Materials and Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of real-time PCR as a method for determining the presence of Verticillium dahliae in different Solanaceae cultivars

Gayoso

Ilárduya²,

Pomar³

et al. 2007

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Real-time PCR was used to detect and quantify Verticillium dahliae and to assess the susceptibility of four Capsicum annuum cultivars (Luesia, Padrón, SCM331 and PI201234) and the Capsicum chinense cv. C118 to this pathogen. The symptoms which developed after infection included stunting and yellowing, and were more acute in the cv. SCM331, which also suffered defoliation in later stages of the disease and in C118, which suffered severe stunting. Quantification of the pathogen DNA in roots 23 and 34 days post-inoculation (dpi) revealed that there were significantly higher amounts of Verticillium dahliae DNA in C118 than in the other cultivars, followed by SCM331, Padrón and PI201234. The lowest amounts of fungal DNA in roots were found in Luesia. In hypocotyls, the highest amounts of fungal DNA were found in SCM331, while Luesia, Padrón and PI201234 had much lower amounts, and C118 had intermediate levels. When a compatible versus an incompatible system was studied, using the near-isogenic tomato lines LA3030 (susceptible) and LA3038 (resistant to V. dahliae), we were able to detect fungal DNA in both lines. As expected, the fungus/plant DNA ratio was lower in LA3038 than in LA3030 and it decreased with time in LA3038. The amount of Verticillium dahliae DNA in the roots of LA3030 remained constant between days 23 and 34 post-inoculation, but increased 10-fold in collars. Finally, when real-time PCR was applied as a diagnostic method to samples from pepper plants, soil and water collected from farms in northwest Spain, we were able to detect V. dahliae DNA in these samples even when symptoms of the disease were not evident.

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Cellulase Activity in Isolates of Verticillium dahliae Differing in Aggressiveness

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

The coiled-coil protein-binding motif in Fusarium verticillioides Fsr1 is essential for maize stalk rot virulence

The coiled-coil protein-binding motif in Fusarium verticillioides Fsr1 is essential for maize stalk rot virulence

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review

Assessment of real-time PCR as a method for determining the presence of Verticillium dahliae in different Solanaceae cultivars

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