Cellular specificity of serotonin storage and axonal transport in identified neurones of <i>Aplysia californica</i>

Goldman, James E.; Schwartz, James H.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010694

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These axonal movements have been suggested to be energy requiring active phenomena (Lasek, 1970;Ochs, 1971). However, experiments using intrasomatic injection of radioactive substances suggested that large amounts of the substances enter the axon via passive diffusion (Koike, Eisenstadt & Schwartz, 1972;Goldman & Schwartz, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐axonal diffusion of [3H]acetylcholine and [3H]gamma‐aminobutyric acid in a neurone of Aplysia.

Koike¹,

Nagata²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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1. [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) or [3H]gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected into the cell body of a cholinergic neurone of Aplysia kurodai. 2. [3H]ACh moved down the axon at a maximum speed of 2.5 mm/sec at 20 degrees C. 3. 20 mM‐colchicine suppressed this movement, but some passive movement of radioactivity was noted along the axon. 4. Profiles of the passive movement coincided with theoretically obtained diffusion profiles. 5. The diffusion coefficient of ACh in the axoplasm was estimated. It was 3 x 10(‐6) cm2/sec at 5 degrees C, 4 X 10(‐6) cm2/sec at 15 degrees C and 6.5 x 10(‐6) cm2/sec at 30 degrees C. The Q10 was 1.35, the activation energy was about 5 kcal/degrees C. These diffusion coefficients were lower than that of free diffusion of ACh (8 x 10(‐6) cm2/sec at 18 degrees C, Fatt, 1954), and assumed to be reasonable, if one considers frictional resistivity of axoplasm in the diffusion of ACh molecules. 6. [3H]GABA diffused similarly to ACh, and the diffusion coefficients agreed with the estimated value when the molecular size differences were taken into account. 7. Both ACh and GABA seemed to diffuse in soluble form or as single molecules in the axoplasm. 8. Intra‐axonal diffusion is very effective for short distances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐axonal diffusion of [3H]acetylcholine and [3H]gamma‐aminobutyric acid in a neurone of Aplysia.

Koike¹,

Nagata²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Differentiation of a neuron with regard to transmitter type involves selective production not only of specific biosynthetic enzymes but also of a set of membrane-associated activities needed for packaging, release, and reuptake of the transmitter substance (30). These macromolecular components-synaptic vesicles and their precursors-are formed and assembled in the perikaryon, but function primarily at synaptic terminals, to which they are moved by fast axonal transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific association of neurotransmitter with somatic lysosomes in an identified serotonergic neuron of Aplysia californica.

Schwartz¹,

Shkolnik²,

Goldberg³

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Injection of [3Hjserotonin directly into the cell body of the giant metacerebral neuron (GCN), an identified serotonergic cell in the Aplysia cerebral ganglion, revealed a striking association of the labeled transmitter with large lysosomes. Most of the [3H] Recycled synaptic membrane, packaged in lysosomes, is thought to return to the perikaryon by retrograde axonal transport. Ultimately these worn constituents are incorporated into the lipofuscin granules, which are plentiful in many nerve cell bodies, both vertebrate and invertebrate (1, 2). Cytological and histochemical studies have provided convincing'evidence that these organelles are lysosomes that are approaching their last developmental stage, and are morphologically similar to terminal lysosomes (residual bodies) found in many other cell types. With age, the number of these bodies increases, as does their content of pigment, lipid, and other materials thought to derive from degraded cellular organelles and from exogenous constituents engulfed by the cell (3). In gastropod molluscs, somatic lysosomes are slightly larger than the lipofuscin granules of vertebrate neurons, reaching 10 gm in diameter (4-8). In pigmented Aplysia neurons they are characteristically situated in a juxtanuclear ring and contain the pigment originally used to classify neurons of the abdominal ganglion'into pigmented and white cells (9).There have been previous indications that somatic lysosomes can retain the ability to carry out activities normally attributed to other cellular organelles. Attention has recently been drawn to Aplysia pigment granules because in some neurons they serve as an intracellular Ca2+ sink (a property assigned to mitochondria) and can release Ca2+ in response to light. Thus Henkart (10) and Brown et al. (11) MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and Intracellular Injections. Aplysia californica weighing 40-70 g were supplied by Pacific Bio-Marine Supply, Venice, CA. The cerebral ganglion with the lateral lip nerves, cerebrobuccal connectives, and buccal ganglia attached, or the abdominal ganglion, was removed by opening the animal through the foot; nervous tissue was pinned in a chamber filled with an artificial sea water containing amino acids, glucose, and vitamins (18).Before injection, the overlying connective tissue sheath of the cerebral ganglion was removed by dissection. The giant metacerebral neuron (GCN) was injected with [G-3H]serotonin (13.8-14.7 Ci/mmol), [G-3H]

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“…The applicability of this statement to Aplysia neurones had been shown by experiments in which [3H]serotonin injected into the serotonergic cell, g.c.n., was found to move by fast axonal transport (Goldman et al 1976), but [3H]serotonin injected into the cholinergic cell, R2, merely diffused in the axon (Treistman & Schwartz, 1977). The [3H]serotonin moving by fast axonal transport had been sequestered in characteristic storage vesicles (Goldman et al 1976); in R2 it remained largely cytoplasmic (Goldman & Schwartz, 1974;Schwartz et at. 1979).…”

Section: Relation Of Fast Transport To Uptake Into Vesicdesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the compound must bear a positive charge at intracellular (neutral) values of pH. Thus Goldman & Schwartz (1974) and Goldman et al (1976) found that the amphoteric precursor of serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, which differs from the transmitter by the addition of a carboxyl group that is negatively charged at neutral pH, is not transported. However, a positive charge is not sufficient.…”

Section: Selectivity Of Uptake Into Vesictesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast axonal transport of foreign transmitters in an identified serotonergic neurone of Aplysia californica.

Goldberg¹,

Schwartz²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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4. Injection of large amounts of dopamine and octopamine reduced the export into the axon of [3H]serotonin injected into the same cell. Large amounts of choline did not reduce export of [3H]serotonin. We conclude that the biogenic amines compete with serotonin for the vesicular storage site and that they move by fast transport because they are sequestered by the serotonergic storage vesicle.5. The specificity of uptake into the storage vesicle as assayed with this in vivo system is similar to the specificity of uptake into aminergic vesicles as previously studied in vitro.

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Cellular specificity of serotonin storage and axonal transport in identified neurones of Aplysia californica

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Intra‐axonal diffusion of [3H]acetylcholine and [3H]gamma‐aminobutyric acid in a neurone of Aplysia.

Intra‐axonal diffusion of [3H]acetylcholine and [3H]gamma‐aminobutyric acid in a neurone of Aplysia.

Specific association of neurotransmitter with somatic lysosomes in an identified serotonergic neuron of Aplysia californica.

Fast axonal transport of foreign transmitters in an identified serotonergic neurone of Aplysia californica.

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