Cellular responses to vasectomy

McDonald, Stuart W.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(00)99006-5

Cited by 58 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Vasectomized testes demonstrated a significantly increased number of apoptotic germ cells per cross-sectional area than sham-operated testes at 5 and 10 weeks after operation [24]. The damage is probably pressure-mediated rather than immunological [30], because dramatic damage occurred in a short period after vasectomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Bilateral vasectomy was created surgically (treated group) and intact rats were used as control (control group). On days 3,5,7,14,30, 60, and 90 after surgery, plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, inhibin, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay, and sperm motility characteristics were measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results show that weights of epididymides significantly increased in vasectomized rats as compared to control rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

et al. 2011

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The present study was undertaken to clarify changes in secretions of FSH, LH, inhibin and testosterone, and sperm motility after bilateral vasectomy in adult male rats. Bilateral vasectomy was created surgically (treated group) and intact rats were used as control (control group). On days 3,5,7,14,30, 60, and 90 after surgery, plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, inhibin, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay, and sperm motility characteristics were measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results show that weights of epididymides significantly increased in vasectomized rats as compared to control rats. Histologically, damage to spermatogenesis was observed in vasectomized rats. Multinucleated giant cells were observed in the lumen of some seminiferous tubules, and there were degenerative spermatids in the epididymides of vasectomized rats. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone only decreased on day 3 after vasectomy; however, plasma levels of ir-inhibin significantly increased on day 3 after vasectomy. In addition, the sperm motility parameters, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, deviation of the sperm head from the mean trajectory and the maximum amplitude of lateral head displacement were decreased from day 60 after vasectomy. These results suggest that vasectomy reduces sperm motility starting from day 60 after vasectomy, and early bilateral vasectomy does not strongly affect the endocrine function of the testis, though it may result in damage to spermatogenesis in vasectomized rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

et al. 2011

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“…The role of basal cells in producing structures which seclude the spermatozoa arriving at the site of epithelial ruptures to prevent their extravasation, and thereby avoiding the generation of antibodies, may be justified in the light of the fact that basal cells consistently express F4/80 and mac-1 antigens. Basal cells are possibly tissue-fixed macrophages, and provide immune defence against sperm antigens (Seiler et al 1998, 2000, Hoischbach & Cooper 2002. However, since our inference is based purely on histological evidence, the possibility that the cells lining the type 2 microcanals are modified principal cells or even yet another cell type hitherto unknown cannot be ruled out at present.…”

Section: Development Of Type 1 Microcanalmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Type 2 microcanals as a protective device to prevent extravasations of spermatozoa entering through the weak patches in the epithelium Spermatozoa can evoke an autoimmune response if they are extravasated (Nashan et al 1990, Flickinger et al 1995 as seen after vasectomy (McDonald 2000, McGinn et al 2000, and can result in provocation of an autoimmune response of extravasated sperm granuloma formation. Autoimmune response to sperm antigens is an established fact, and is the basis for infertility in men undergoing vasectomy (Alexander 1975, Alexander & Anderson 1979, Rose & Lucas 1979, Tung & Menge 1985, Flickinger et al 1986.…”

Section: Development Of Type 1 Microcanalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy)

Aruldhas¹,

Subramanian²,

Sekhar³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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In order to apprehend the toxic effects of chromium, an occupational/environmental pollutant, on the epididymis, adult bonnet monkeys were exposed to chromium (VI) in their drinking water at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 p.p.m. for a chronic period of 180 days. At the end of the experimental period, testicles and segments of epididymis from control and treated monkeys were subjected to light microscopic (resin-embedded semi-thin sections) and transmission electron microscopic analyses. Among the various changes undergone by the epididymal epithelium, the present paper describes the origin of two different kinds of microcanals, probably caused by ductal obstruction. The first type of microcanal, which appears to provide passage for spermatozoa to bypass the obstructed main duct, is comparable with the one already reported in carbendazimtreated efferent ductules of the rat. The second type of microcanal, which is novel, consisted of a lumen in the epithelium enclosed by four to five cells, which are either modified basal cells, principal cells or a hitherto unknown cell type. This novel type of microcanal is suggested to be a device to entrap the spermatozoa which reach the core of the epithelium and may be a mechanism to prevent extravasation of sperm so as to avoid an autoimmune response of spermatic granuloma formation. Thus, the present study has shown that chronic exposure to chromium (VI) through drinking water can produce pathological manifestations in the epididymal epithelium but the epididymis, being a versatile organ, is capable of overcoming such adverse situations through novel devices.

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“…Testis showed extensive damage primarily induced by increased intra-luminal pressure with corresponding variation in weight and dimension, apart from severely affected spermatogenesis. The pathological changes in testes after vasectomy are closely related to the variation in the distensibility of the duct system, spermatogenic rate, and sperm transit time in the epididymis [McDonald 1996[McDonald , 2000 and supported by the vasectomy reversal (vaso-vasostomy) that stops further progression of vasectomy induced pathological changes [Flickinger et al 1987]. The epididymal dysfunction can be the primary cause for the failure of vasectomy reversal [McDonald 1996] and has been reported to inflict changes in mRNA expression in epididymal tubules [Doiron et al 2003].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term study of vasectomy inMacaca radiata– histological and ultrasonographic analysis of testis and duct system

Prakash

Krishnaswamy

2014

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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This study was aimed to investigate the long-term effect of vasectomy using the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) as a primate animal model. Animals weighing around 6 to 8 kg were randomly chosen for bilateral, unilateral vasectomy and sham-control. The postoperative periods of six months and two years were considered as short and long-term, respectively. Sperm were collected and subjected to analysis before euthanasia. The testes and epididymides were excised from euthanized animals then embedded in paraffin. Normal histological changes were observed in sham-operated animals and short-term contralateral testes. In contrast, marked alterations were observed in the testes and epididymides of both short and long-term groups. Seminiferous epithelium was thinned out showing marked depletion of germ cells in long-term; only a thin layer of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and fewer spermatocytes were seen. Exfoliation of germ cells and the occurrence of multinucleated giant cells were common features in these tubules. The epididymal tubular lumens were greatly dilated with accumulated spermatozoa in short and long-term animals; significant defects were observed in the epithelium of the long-term animals. Microscopic spermatic granulomas were noticed in epididymides and the vas deferens. Large granulomas were seen in long-term vasectomized monkeys, frequently compressing the surrounding structures. These granulomas could be visualized in ultrasound, however, only at the late stage of its occurrence. Sperm collected from the unilateral vasectomized animals showed a poor motility score in the capillary mucus penetration test (CMPT). Results indicate that the changes observed after vasectomy might be due to pressure initially, whereas in the long-term the damage was supplemented by autoimmune attack. With immunoglobulin (IgG) deposition in contra-lateral unoperated testis of unilateral vasectomized animals it also showed degenerative changes and a concomitant drop in sperm quality. Although, granulomatous reactions were observed in the epididymis and vas deferens but testes were spared from such reactions even in the long-term.

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Cellular responses to vasectomy

Cited by 58 publications

References 88 publications

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

Effect of Short Period Vasectomy on FSH, LH, Inhibin and Testosterone Secretions, and Sperm Motility in Adult Male Rats

Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy)

Long-term study of vasectomy inMacaca radiata– histological and ultrasonographic analysis of testis and duct system

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