Cellular microenvironment and collagen destruction during periodont inflammation

Abstract

Background. The association between periodontitis and collagen damage with immune cells is an actual problem. Periodontitis is a bacterially induced exacerbation of chronic process and chronic inflammatory disease that destroys teeth supporting connective tissue. Bacteria initiate periodontitis and destruction of the alveolar periodontal connective tissue. Objectives. Immune cells location between damaged collagen fibers remains obscure and this is the purpose of the current study. Results. We have determined five variants of immune cells microenvironment: nodular, trabecular, diffuse, mixed. We have observed five types of collagen structures destruction in exacerbation of chronic process and chronic periodontal inflammation. They are characterized by swelling, pulping and insignificant necrosis. Conclusion. Connective tissue has signs of swelling and destruction during inflammation; edema is observed between collagen fibers. Collagen fiber damage during periodontitis is caused by neutrophils. Widespread edema of collagen fibers increasing of depth cells infiltration during chronic inflammation. Nodular type of immune cells microenvironment is observed during outcome of chronic inflammation. Trabecular type of immune cells microenvironment is observed during exacerbation of chronic process. Diffuse type of immune cells microenvironment is observed during chronic inflammation process.

The general de Sitter supergravity component action

“…The paper constructed the minimal effective field theory of supersymmetric inflation using not only a nilpotent chiral superfield but also a constrained real superfield. In the paper it was shown that a complex linear goldstino superfield coupled to supergravity can likewise lead to dS vacua and the relation of this setup to a nilpotent chiral multiplet was discussed in detail. The paper constructed the minimal supergravity model where the nilpotent chiral goldstino superfield is coupled to a chiral matter superfield, in particular, the two chiral multiplets S and Y were constrained to satisfy .…”

“…As we will review in section , this nilpotent chiral multiplet has recently been introduced in the cosmological context in (see also for earlier work). This has triggered a plethora of successive papers –that use the nilpotent multiplet and its interesting features in the context of cosmological model building , –study its connection to string theory , –and study the supergravity action in the presence of a nilpotent field or even more general constrained multiplets . …”