Cellular Mechanisms for Lipid Deposition in Atherosclerosis

Bleich, Howard L.; Boro, Emily S.; Small, Donald

doi:10.1056/nejm197710202971608

Cited by 129 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Incubation of LDL-treated macrophages with Pg-LPS caused a concentration-dependent increase in CE and TC accumulation ( Figure 2 A ). Moreover, treatment with 1 or 10 µg/ml LPS significantly induced foam cell formation ( Figure 2 B ), as assessed when using CE/TC > 50% for identification of foam cells [ 18 ]. As shown in Figure 2 C , Pg-LPS exposure induced a time-dependent increase in CE and TC content, and the CE/TC ratio was greater than 50% after 24 h of LPS exposure ( Figure 2 D ), which indicated foam cell formation according to biochemical criteria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in macrophages

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

aoms

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IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are positively correlated with periodontal disease. However, the molecular mechanisms linking atherosclerosis and periodontal infection are not clear. This study aimed to determine whether Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) altered the expression of genes regulating cholesterol metabolism in macrophages in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL).Material and methodsTHP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 µg/ml) of LPS in the presence of 50 µg/ml native LDL. Macrophages were also incubated with 1 µg/ml LPS for varying times (0, 24, 48, or 72 h) in the presence of native LDL. Foam cell formation was determined by oil red O staining and cholesterol content quantification. CD36, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1), and acetyl CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) expression levels were measured by western blot and qRT-PCR.ResultsFoam cell formation was induced in a time- and concentration-dependent manner as assessed by both morphological and biochemical criteria. Pg-LPS caused downregulation of CD36 and ABCG1 but upregulation of ACAT1, while LOX-1 expression was not affected (p = 0.137).ConclusionsPg-LPS appears to be an important link in the development of atherosclerosis by mechanisms targeting cholesterol homeostasis, namely, excess cholesterol ester formation via ACAT1 and reduced cellular cholesterol efflux via ABCG1.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cholesterol ester (CE) content was calculated by subtracting FC from TC. Foam cells were defined when the ratio of CE to TC was over 50% [ 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in macrophages

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

aoms

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“…The polarity of the sample becomes increasingly more difficult to switch, until the plaque is developed, wherein the deposition of lipids or small polar molecules makes it easier to switch. [36][37][38] As such, the coercive voltage offers additional measure that correlates with atherosclerosis development well. Detailed statistical comparison can be found in Table 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong correlation between early stage atherosclerosis and electromechanical coupling of aorta

et al. 2016

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Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases that are responsible for many deaths in the world, and the early diagnosis of atherosclerosis is highly desirable. The existing imaging methods, however, are not capable of detecting the early stage of atherosclerosis development due to their limited spatial resolution. Using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), we show that the piezoelectric response of an aortic wall increases as atherosclerosis advances, while the stiffness of the aorta shows a less evident correlation with atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we show that there is strong correlation between the coercive electric field necessary to switch the polarity of the artery and the development of atherosclerosis. Thus by measuring the electromechanical coupling of the aortic wall, it is possible to probe atherosclerosis at the early stage of its development, not only improving the spatial resolution by orders of magnitude, but also providing comprehensive quantitative information on the biomechanical properties of the artery.

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Nutrition and atherosclerosis: Some neglected aspects

Koumans

Wildschut

1985

Clinical Cardiology

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Summary: This article suggests that atherosclerosis is a plurideficiency disease. Increasing only linoleic acid intake in daily nutrition to counteract atherosclerosis has failed to give satisfactory results. The use of lecithin affects the metabolism and transportation of cholesterol in the blood more efficiently than do the polyunsaturated fats.Furthermore, insufficient quantities of vitamins B6 and C in the blood contribute to lesions of the arterial endothelium, which are indistinguishable from the first stages of atherosclerosis. It is recommended, therefore, that these factors should be combined, and that, together with a sufficient quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the daily diet be supplemented with adequate doses of lecithin, vitamin B, (in B complex), and vitamin C.

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Cellular Mechanisms for Lipid Deposition in Atherosclerosis

Cited by 129 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in macrophages

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in macrophages

Strong correlation between early stage atherosclerosis and electromechanical coupling of aorta

Nutrition and atherosclerosis: Some neglected aspects

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