Cellular-Connected Wireless Virtual Reality: Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions

Hu, Fenghe; Deng, Yansha; Saad, Walid; Bennis, Mehdi; Aghvami, A.H.

doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900511

Cited by 128 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Driven by the rapid development of advanced multimedia applications such as virtual reality [2], [3], next-generation wireless networks [4] must support high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. By splitting users in the power domain, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can simultaneously serve multiple users at the same frequency or time resource [5]- [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Rate Allocation and Power Control for Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA)

Yang

Chen

Saad

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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In this paper, the sum-rate maximization problem is studied for wireless networks that use downlink rate splitting multiple access (RSMA). In the considered model, the base station (BS) divides the messages that can be transmitted to its users into a "private" part and a "common" part. Here, the common message is a message that multiple users want to receive and the private message is a message that is dedicated to only a specific user. The RSMA mechanism enables a BS to adjust the split of common and private messages so as to control the interference by decoding and treating interference as noise and, thus optimizing the data rate of users. To maximize the users' sum-rate, the network can determine the rate allocation for the common message to meet the rate demand, and adjust the transmit power for the private message to reduce the interference. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to maximize the sum-rate of all users. To solve this nonconvex maximization problem with a single-antenna BS, the optimal power used for transmitting the private message to the users is first obtained in closed form for a given rate allocation and common message power. Based on the optimal private message transmit power, the optimal rate allocation is then derived under a fixed common message transmit power. Subsequently, an iterative algorithm is proposed to obtain a suboptimal solution of common message transmit power. To solve this nonconvex maximization problem with a multiple-antenna BS, a successive convex approximation method is utilized. Simulation results show that the RSMA can achieve up to 15.6% and 21.5% gains in terms of data rate compared to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Rate Allocation and Power Control for Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA)

Yang

Chen

Saad

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…Typically, XR applications are interactive. To provide an immersive experience, Cloud XR applications require minimal feedback delay and high image quality [15], [16]. Since the content is generated on-the-fly according to the actions of the user, each generated video frame shall be delivered to the headset with a limited delay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Cloud-Based Extended Reality: Modeling and Optimization

et al. 2021

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Extended Reality (XR)-which includes Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality-promises to bring the virtual and telepresence experience to another level. Unfortunately, solutions leveraging these technologies require special high-performance computing platforms that degrade the cost-benefit balance. Moving processing to the cloud solves this problem but imposes strict requirements on data transmission reliability, bandwidth, and delays. The satisfaction of these requirements becomes an extremely challenging problem in the presence of other types of delay-sensitive traffic, such as remote control, industrial automation, or the control commands of the Cloud XR application itself. This article studies the joint service of the adaptive Cloud XR traffic with other high-priority delay-sensitive traffics. The paper develops an analytical model of the considered communication system. The model represents the system as a discrete state Markov chain and estimates the quality of experience for Cloud XR users in various scenarios. Using the model, the paper estimates the network capacity for the Cloud XR traffic and optimizes the bitrate adaptation function of the Cloud XR video streaming application. The goal of the optimization is to improve the visual quality of the virtual environment observed by the users, subject to the constrained probability of image impairments due to excessive delivery delays. Numerical results demonstrate the high accuracy of the developed model and the benefits provided by the optimization. INDEX TERMS Cloud XR, heterogeneous traffic, high-priority traffic, real-time adaptive video, virtual reality, quality of experience, queueing systems, analytical models, Markov chain.

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“…The Na-tional Academy of Engineering (NAE) spotlit the advantages of VR by advocating that "Enhancing Virtual Reality" is among the top grand challenges of engineering in the twenty-first century [29]. VR has attracted worldwide stakeholders to impact various sectors, and it is expected to reach a $80.7 billion market size by 2024 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Fuzzy Logic to Involve Individual Differences for Predicting Cybersickness during VR Navigation

Wang

Chardonnet

Merienne

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

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Many studies have explored how individual differences can affect users' susceptibility to cybersickness in a VR application. However, the lack of strategy to integrate the influence of each factor on cybersickness makes it difficult to utilize the results of existing research. Based on the fuzzy logic theory that can represent the effect of different factors as a single value containing integrated information, we developed two approaches including the knowledgebased Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system and the data-driven Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to involve three individual differences (Age, Gaming experience and Ethnicity). We correlated the corresponding outputs with the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) scores in a simple navigation scenario. The correlation coefficients obtained through a 4-fold cross validation were found statistically significant with both fuzzy logic approaches, indicating their effectiveness to influence the occurrence and the level of cybersickness. Our work provides insights to establish customized experiences for VR navigation by involving individual differences.

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Cellular-Connected Wireless Virtual Reality: Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions

Cited by 128 publications

References 8 publications

Optimization of Rate Allocation and Power Control for Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA)

Optimization of Rate Allocation and Power Control for Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA)

Adaptive Cloud-Based Extended Reality: Modeling and Optimization

Using Fuzzy Logic to Involve Individual Differences for Predicting Cybersickness during VR Navigation

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